Suggested Citation: Jung, B.C. (2020-2023). COVID-19 Management Internet Resources.
https://www.bettycjung.net/COVID-19-Management.htm
Mission: To provide a one-stop Web resource page with factual information about the COVID-19 Pandemic
According to PEW , social media users share COVID-19 information mostly from news sources (74%) and very little from health and science resources (1%). This could mean that people do not know where to look for credible science-based information about COVID-19.
On June 18, 2020, JAMA reported "Coronavirus disease 2019-related knowledge and behaviors were associated with race/ethnicity, sex, and age. African American participants, men, and people younger than 55 years were less likely to know how the disease is spread, were less likely to know the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, and left the home more often."
Furthermore, the prevalence of Coronavirus myths addressed by the World Health Organization indicates that there is much disinformation and misinformation on the Internet about the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Therefore, I have decided to create this resource page for those interested in learning more about the pandemic. It is my hope, as Master Certified Health Education Specialist (MCHES®), that you will be able get the credible information you need here to make the decisions you have to make to deal with the pandemic in your life. I am dedicated to keeping this page updated with vetted sources, and welcome your feedback. (July 6, 2020)
Table of Content (Major sections)
Back to Table of Contents
COVID-19 Testing Collection and Analysis of Testing Data
Data Sources
Data Analysis
Graphic source: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/30/883703403/as-coronavirus-surges-how-much-testing-does-your-state-need-to-subdue-the-virus
Adequacy of Testing
"The rate of positivity is an important indicator because it can provide insights into whether a community is conducting enough testing to find cases. If a community’s positivity is high, it suggests that that community may largely be testing the sickest patients and possibly missing milder or asymptomatic cases. A lower positivity may indicate that a community is including in its testing patients with milder or no symptoms. The WHO has said that in countries that have conducted extensive testing for COVID-19, would remain at 5% or lower for at least 14 days."
Graphic source: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/30/883703403/as-coronavirus-surges-how-much-testing-does-your-state-need-to-subdue-the-virus
Testing Basics
Graphic source: https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-disease-2019-testing-basics
Graphic source: https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-disease-2019-testing-basics
Types of Testing
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Business%20Functions/Risk/Our%20Insights/COVID%2019%20Implications%20for%20business/COVID%2019%20May%2027/COVID-19-Facts-and-Insights-June-1-vF.ashx
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-584SP
Testing Strategy
Timing of Testing
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/FDAHealthEquity/status/1245036877515759619
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2765837
At-home Testing
Graphic source: https://makemytestcount.org/
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7113e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/967489
Antigen Testing
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antigen-tests-guidelines.html .
Molecular (CRISPR/Nucleic Acid/PCR) Testing
N Protein Test
Serologic (Antigen/Antibody) Testing
Subgenomic RNA (sgRNA)
No test yet for sgRNA, but it has the potential to identify who is still infectious and therefore may be used to see if people can exit isolation without being infectious
Surveillance Testing
Testing Integrity
Back to Table of Contents
Immunity
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/coronavirus-leading-through-the-crisis/charting-the-path-to-the-next-normal/seven-keys-to-herd-immunity
Graphic source: https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-review-immunity-after-covid.pdf
Graphic source: https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-review-immunity-after-covid.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/covid-19-implications-for-business?cid=other-eml-ttn-mip-mck
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/when-will-the-covid-19-pandemic-end
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/when-will-the-covid-19-pandemic-end
Graphic source: https://scimoms.com/how-does-covid-spread/
Graphic source: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/risk-comms-updates/update-28-covid-19-what-we-know-may-2020.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30230-7/fulltext
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/coronavirus-leading-through-the-crisis/charting-the-path-to-the-next-normal/us-most-likely-to-reach-covid-19-herd-immunity-in-second-half-of-2021
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2770758
Graphic source; https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2020/8/24/21399041/covid-19-reinfection-hong-kong-case-immunity
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/707975.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/707975.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/28/upshot/coronavirus-herd-immunity.html
Seven keys to herd immunity 4/2021 Mckinsey.com A mathematical model reveals the influence of population heterogeneity on herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 8/2020 Antibody Response Following SARSCoV-2 Infection and Implications for
Immunity: A Rapid Living Review 3/2021 AHRQ.gov Antibody tests can't yet say who's immune to COVID-19, but they can show who's at risk. 4/2020 By showing how many people haven't been infected, the tests provide a picture of who remains vulnerable to the coronavirus. Beyond Antibodies: Study Examines Cellular Immune Responses in COVID-19 7/2020 Variations seen in how immune system responds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Boosting Immunity Through Nutrition During the COVID-19 Pandemic 3/2021 Can herd immunity help stop the coronavirus? 5/2020 Experts warn it's not that easy. Health professionals and officials continue to warn that there is no easy way out of the pandemic, particularly with parts of the U.S. beginning to ease lockdowns. Can you catch the coronavirus twice? You'll probably be immune for some time, at least 3/2020 Can You Get Covid-19 Again? It’s Very Unlikely, Experts Say 7/2020 Change in Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Over 60 Days Among Health Care Personnel in Nashville, Tennessee 9/2020 Children Produce Weaker Coronavirus Antibodies, Study Finds 11/2020 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Serology, antibodies and immunity 12/2020 WHO.int COVID-19 and the Path to Immunity 9/2020 COVID-19 Antibodies Can Disappear After 2-3 Months 6/2020 COVID-19 Antibodies Lasted At Least 4 Months in Icelandic Study - But does this prevent reinfection? 9/2020 COVID-19 Immunity: The Great Unknown. 4/2020 Experts think antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 probably confer immunity -- but still a long way from the necessary proof Covid infection provides some immunity for at least five months, UK study finds 1/2021 Decline in SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies After Mild Infection Among Frontline Health Care Personnel in a Multistate Hospital Network - 12 States, April-August 2020 MMWR 11/2020 Differing immune responses discovered in asymptomatic cases vs those with severe COVID-19 4/2021 Herd Immunity For COVID-19 7/2020 GAO.gov How will we know we've reached herd immunity? 2/2021 How Herd Immunity Works — And What Stands In Its Way 2/2021 NPR.org How Much Protection Do Babies Get From Mom's COVID Antibodies? Study is first to investigate maternal neutralizing activity 1/2021 How the Coronavirus Turns the Body Against Itself. Some patients struggling with Covid-19 develop antibodies against their own tissues, scientists have found. 1/28/2021 NY Times How the Aging Immune System Makes Older People Vulnerable to Covid-19 9/2020. As we age, the immune system begins to shift into a heightened state of alert, dialing up inflammation and running out of certain immune cells. Immune Response Varied Among COVID-19 Patients 7/2020 Immunity passports in the context of COVID-19 WHO.int Lasting immunity found after recovery from COVID-19 1/2021 Longitudinal evaluation and decline of antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection 7/2020 Modeling shield immunity to reduce COVID-19 epidemic spread 5/2020
Neutralizing Antibody Response Varies in Mild COVID-19, Chinese Study Suggests. Will these antibodies protect against future infection? 8/2020 No Evidence Yet That Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Immune, WHO Says 4/2020 Persistence and decay of human antibody responses to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 patients 10/2020 Persistence of serum and saliva antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens in COVID-19 patients 10/2020 Rapid Decay of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Persons with Mild Covid-19 NEJM 7/2020 Researchers Blast 'Dangerous' COVID-19 Herd Immunity Strategy - "Practically impossible and highly unethical," group argues 10/2020 SARS-CoV-2 antibodies last days for some, decades for others 3/2021 SARS-CoV-2 may be exploiting our immune system's 'first responder' cells 4/2020 So you haven't caught COVID yet. Does that mean you're a superdodger? 9/2022 Study Finds Nearly Everyone Who Recovers From COVID-19 Makes Coronavirus Antibodies 5/2020 T cells take the lead in controlling SARS-CoV-2 and reducing COVID-19 disease severity. Finding may help explain why people 65 and above face a higher risk of falling critically ill with COVID-19 9/2020 The World Is Still Far From Herd Immunity for Coronavirus 5/2020 This Trawler's Haul: Evidence That Antibodies Block the Coronavirus 8/2020 What if 'Herd Immunity' Is Closer Than Scientists Thought? 8/2020 What reinfections mean for COVID-19 10/2020 When will the COVID-19 pandemic end? 11/2020 Why Women May Be Better Equipped to Fight COVID 4/2021 Young Men Not Immune to Getting COVID Twice - Study in U.S. Marines stresses importance of vaccination, author says 4/2021 Your Coronavirus Antibodies Are Disappearing. Should You Care?
Declining antibody levels do not mean less immunity, experts say. Besides, two widely used tests may detect the wrong antibodies. 7/2020 You May Have Antibodies After Coronavirus Infection. But Not for Long. 6/2020. Antibodies to the virus faded quickly in asymptomatic people, scientists reported. That does not mean immunity disappears. US most likely to reach COVID-19 herd immunity in second half of 2021 9/2020 What Role Will Immunity Play in Conquering COVID-19? 4/2020 When U.S. Re-Opens, Will Those Exposed to Coronavirus Have Lasting Immunity? 4/2020 WHO: 'No Evidence' That COVID-19 Antibodies Protect From Potential Re-infection Time.com 4/2020 Women have stronger immune systems than men -- and it's all down to X-chromosome related microRNA 9/2011
COVID-19 hybrid immunity
COVID-19 natural immunity Back to Table of Contents
Vaccination Data & Reporting
January 3, 2022
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-105291
June 1, 2021 - Global COVID-19 Vaccinations
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html
Vaccine Guidance
Graphic source: 7/18/2022 /https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/downloads/covid-19-vacc-schedule-at-a-glance-508.pdf
Video Source: https://twitter.com/CDCgov/status/1484254407365738505
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/children-teens.html
Graphic source: https://publichealthcollaborative.org/resources/graphics-children-and-covid-19-vaccination/
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/children-teens.html
Graphic source: https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/covid-19-coronavirus-infographic-datapack/
Graphic source: https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/93498
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/covid-19-vaccine-doses.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/COVID-19-AfterVaccine.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html
Graphic source: https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/AJR.21.25688
COVID-19 ACIP Vaccine Recommendations COVID-19 Vaccination Schedule At-a-Glance CDC.gov 7/16/2022 COVID-19 ACIP Vaccine Recommendations 3/2022 6 Things to Know about COVID-19 Vaccination for Children 6/2022 COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Teens CDC.gov 6/2022 FDA Takes Key Action by Approving Second COVID-19 Vaccine (Spikevax, Moderna) 1/2022 J&J's COVID Vaccine on the Way Out? - CDC panel demotes vaccine but stops short of recommending against use 12/2021 Australia's 'Graphic and Confronting' Covid-19 Ad Could be the Most Hard-Hitting Yet. The 30-second spot was created to specifically target viewers in Sydney 7/2021 COVID-19 Vaccines Factsheet: In Chuukese, Hawaiian, Samoan, Tongan, and more COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Teens 11/2021 CDC.gov COVID-19 Vaccine for Children and Teens CDC.gov COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing ETS OHSA - Emergency Temporary Standard 11/2021 COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, by Race and Ethnicity - National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, December 2020-November 2021 6/2022 MMWR Half Of All U.S. Adults Are Now Fully Vaccinated Against COVID-19 5/2021 CDC Drops Most Mask Rules for the Fully Vaccinated - Exception for crowded places indoors like buses, planes, hospitals, homeless shelters, and jails CDC.gov 5/13/2021 After You're Fully Vaccinated. How to Protect Yourself and Others CDC.gov 5/2021 Am I Legally (And Ethically) Bound To Say If I Got A COVID Vaccine? 5/2021 COVID-19 VACCINES: PATIENT FAQs Does a History of MIS-C Preclude COVID Vaccination? 5/2021 Prevaccination Checklist for COVID-19 Vaccines Guidance for Fully Vaccinated People 4/27/2021 Infection Control after Vaccination Updated 4/27/2021 Here's Who Might Want to Avoid the J&J COVID Shot - While safe for most, certain patients may want to opt for another choice 4/2021 It's Time to Require COVID Vaccination in the Workplace - Case increases demand prioritizing community health over individual rights 7/2021 J&J/Janssen Update CDC.gov 4/2021 Joint CDC and FDA Statement on Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine 4/13/2021 Answers to All Your Questions About Getting Vaccinated for Covid-19 4/2021 Blood Clotting Needs to Be Watched with All COVID Vaccines, States the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS) 4/2021 Communicating the potential benefits and harms of the Astra-Zeneca COVID-19 vaccine 4/2021 COVID-19 VACCINES: PATIENT FAQs AMA.org 3/2021 COVID-19 Vaccine: Quick Reference Guide for Healthcare Professionals 3/2021 CDC Issues First Set of Guidelines on How Fully Vaccinated People Can Visit Safely with Others 3/2021 COVID-19 Vaccine Administration Errors and Deviations 3/2021 COVID-19 vaccines may not produce sufficient antibody response in transplant recipients 3/2021 COVID Vaccines' Power Could Wane Within a Year 3/2021 COVID-19 vaccine response in pregnant and lactating women: a cohort study 4/2021 CREATING YOUR VAMS PROFILE AND SCHEDULING YOUR FIRST VACCINE APPOINTMENT New Haven Health Department Frequently Asked Questions about COVID-19 Vaccination CDC.gov Search for vaccine or location Correcting COVID-19 vaccine misinformation 3/2021 Lancet Commission on COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics Task Force Member Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States 3/2021 Is the Second Dose Bad? If I Feel OK, Is It Working? Can I Take Tylenol? The most common questions about vaccination side effects, answered. 4/2021 It's Kind of a Catch-22: Immunosuppression and COVID-19 Vaccine 3/2021 COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnant and Lactating Women 2/2021 JAMA COVID Vax in the Immunosuppressed: Reason for Concern - Discomfiting results in new study 3/2021 Emergency Use Authorization for Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19 Guidance for Industry 2/2021 FDA Issues Policies to Guide Medical Product Developers Addressing Virus Variants 5/2021 Interim Public Health Recommendations for Fully Vaccinated People 3/2021 CDC.gov Key Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines 3/2021 CDC.gov Meet the Four Kinds of People Holding Us Back From Full Vaccination 5/2021
Mitigating the Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Vaccinations on
Patients Undergoing Breast Imaging Examinations: A Pragmatic Approach 2/2021 Myths and Facts about COVID-19 Vaccines 3/2021 Organ transplant recipients remain vulnerable to COVID-19 even after second vaccine dose 5/2021 Science Daily Organ Transplant Recipients Remain Vulnerable to COVID-19 Even After Second Vaccine Dose 5/2021 Johns Hopkins Policy for Evaluating Impact of Viral Mutations on COVID-19 Tests. Guidance for Test Developers and Food and Drug Administration Staff FDA.gov FEBRUARY 2021 Post Vaccine Considerations for Workplaces 4/2021 Promising News for Pregnant People Who Want a COVID-19 Vaccine 4/2021 Real-World Data Confirm Efficacy of Covid-19 Vaccination Among HCWs 3/2021 Reduced Risk of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Vaccination - Kentucky, May-June 2021 8/2021 MMWR Science Brief: Background Rationale and Evidence for Public Health Recommendations for Fully Vaccinated People 3/2021 Summary Document for Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States CDC.gov 3/2021 Three things to know about the long-term side effects of COVID vaccines 8/2021 Updated advice for safe COVID-19 vaccination in people with high-risk allergy histories 4/2021 Updated Healthcare Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations in Response to COVID-19 Vaccination 3/2021 U.S. COVID-19 Vaccine Product Information 3/2021 CDC.gov What to do when a mammogram shows swollen lymph nodes in women just vaccinated for COVID. Radiologists offer an approach to avoid confusion among patients and clinicians 2/2021
When You’ve Been Fully Vaccinated. How to Protect Yourself and Others 3/2021 Why your second shot COVID vaccine really matters 7/2021
Vaccine Development
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00924-8
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00924-8
Graphic source: Nature
Graphic source: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f7671d12c27e40b67ce4400/t/60a3d7b3301db14adb211911/1621350327260/FINAL+for+posting_Facebook+Survey+Summary+Document+for+Website.docx.pdf
Meet the Four Kinds of People Holding Us Back From Full Vaccination
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/05/18/opinion/covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7018e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7013e3.htm
Graphic source: https://publichealthcollaborative.org/resources/graphic-about-the-3-covid-19-vaccines/
Graphic source: https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/91489
Graphic source: VOX
Graphic source: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/8-common-covid-19-vaccine-myths-explained/
Graphic source: https://www.sciencealert.com/here-are-9-ways-to-discuss-the-coronavirus-vaccine-with-someone-hesitant-to-get-it
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-701
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/22515/share-of-us-adults-willing-to-get-a-covid-19-vaccine/
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/infographics/journey-of-child-vaccine.html
Graphic source: https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/What-you-need-to-know-about-the-COVID-19-vaccine
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-583SP
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-583SP
Comparative effectiveness of third doses of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in US veterans 1/2023 FDA Approves First COVID-19 Vaccine Approval Signifies Key Achievement for Public Health 8/23/2021 Pfizer COVID-19 approved ""The typical titer for someone who is vaccinated is 1:2,000. You can take that down to 1:500 and it will still kill the virus. ... Natural infection titers tend to be 1:200, on average, and that's still protective."
Can COVID vaccines stop transmission? Scientists race to find answers. Controlling the pandemic will require shots that prevent viral spread, but that feature is difficult to measure. 2/2021 Coronavirus mRNA Vaccine Safety and Efficacy AMA.org
Could computer models be the key to better COVID vaccines? 4/2022 Covid vaccines averted 3 million deaths in U.S., according to new study 12/2022 Delaying a COVID vaccine's second dose boosts immune response. Older people who waited 11–12 weeks for their second jab had higher peak antibody levels than did those who waited only 3 weeks. 5/2021 Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Adults Aged 65 Years - United States, January-March 2021. 4/2021 MMWR Major European nations suspend use of AstraZeneca vaccine 3/2021 The different types of COVID-19 vaccines 1/2021 WHO.int Quick guide: COVID-19 vaccines in use and how they work 1/2021 Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States 12/2020 CDC.gov Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers - Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-March 2021 3/2021 CDC Updates Contraindications to COVID-19 Vaccination 1/2021 COVID-19 ACIP Vaccine Recommendations CDC.gov 9 Common COVID-19 Vaccine Myths Explained
No, the vaccine will not alter your DNA or give you COVID-19 12/2021 A coronavirus vaccine could require you to get two shots. Here's why. 6/2020
Australia Scraps Covid-19 Vaccine That Produced H.I.V. False Positives. Of the dozens of coronavirus vaccines being tested worldwide, the one under development at the University of Queensland was the first to be abandoned. 12/2020 COVID-19 Vaccine Development GAO.gov
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Production Genome.gov COVID-19 Vaccine FAQ: Safety, Side Effects, Efficacy 12/2020 COVID-19 Vaccine Will Probably Require Two Doses 6/2020 Data show panic and disorganization dominate the study of Covid-19 drugs 7/2020 Demographic Characteristics of Persons Vaccinated During the First Month of the COVID-19 Vaccination Program - United States, December 14, 2020-January 14, 2021 2/2021 COVID Vax in the Immunosuppressed: Reason for Concern - Discomfiting results in new study 3/2021 Ensuring COVID-19 Vaccines Work CDC.gov Fauci: 85 percent of the US needs to get the Covid-19 vaccine for true herd immunity With vaccine acceptance rebounding among Americans, Fauci's goal does not appear so unrealistic. 12/2020 FDA's Drug Review Process: Ensuring Drugs Are Safe and Effective 7/2020 He experienced a severe reaction to Moderna's Covid-19 vaccine candidate. He is still a believer 5/2020 Here are answers to 6 burning questions about COVID-19 vaccines. One big unknown: Can these early vaccines stop the spread of the coronavirus? 12/2020 Here Are 9 Things to Say to Someone Hesitant to Get a COVID-19 Vaccination 12/2020 Here's Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask 12/2020 Here's Why Viral Vector Vaccines Don't Alter DNA - It's pretty simple - they can't 2/2021 How are vaccines developed? WHO.int How Do COVID-19 Vaccines Compare? A side-by-side look at the three vaccines authorized in the U.S. 3/2021 How do vaccines work? How effective is a single vaccine dose against Covid-19? 1/2021 How mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Work How Moderna's Vaccine Works 1/2021
How relaxing COVID-19 restrictions could pave the way for vaccine resistance 7/2021 How the Johnson & Johnson Vaccine Works 2/2021 How the Novavax Vaccine Works 12/2020 How the Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine Works 12/2020 NY Times How Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines Work CDC.gov Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients 3/2021 In Crises, Vaccines Can Be Stretched, but Not Easily 1/2021 Information About Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine 3/2021 CDC.gov Johnson & Johnson brings another effective Covid-19 vaccine to the arsenal in a single dose. The level of protection, though, varied in different regions: 72 percent in the US, 66 percent in Latin America, and 57 percent in South Africa. 1/2021 Messenger RNA vaccines lower risk for asymptomatic infection, study finds 3/2021 MMR vaccine could protect against COVID-19, study shows 11/2020 Moderna's COVID Vax Produces Antibody Responses 6 Months Later, But neutralizing activity declined over time, and not equally among age groups 4/2021 <> MODERNA COVID-19 VACCINE UPDATES - NEW YORK CITY 12/2020 NYC DOH
mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Reduces Asymptomatic Infection, Real-World Data Shows 3/2021 Novavax's Vaccine Works Well — Except on Variant First Found in South Africa 1/2021 Planning for a COVID-19 Vaccination Program 5/2020 Reduction in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation Following Implementation of a National COVID-19 Vaccination Program - Israel, December 2020-February 2021 2/2021 MMWR SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Much Accomplished, Much to Learn 1/2021 Second COVID Shot Packs the Big Punch - First dose also worse for those with previous COVID, but "small price to pay" for protection 2/2021 Should You Be Concerned About Blood Clots, Bleeding and the AZ-Vaccine? 3/2021 Straight Talk About a COVID-19 Vaccine 4/2020 The Journey of Your Child's Vaccine 1/2018 The Mysterious Disappearance of SARS & Why We Will Need a Vaccine for COVID-19 5/2020 These Covid-19 vaccine candidates could change the way we make vaccines — if they work. Why adenovirus and mRNA vaccines could start a revolution. 8/2020 The tangled history of mRNA vaccines
Hundreds of scientists had worked on mRNA vaccines for decades before the coronavirus pandemic brought a breakthrough. 9/2021 Those who had COVID-19 may only need one vaccine dose, study suggests. Second vaccine important for those who have not had COVID-19 to reach strong immunity 4/2021 UK issues anaphylaxis warning on Pfizer vaccine after adverse reactions 12/2020 U.K. says under-30s should get a non-AstraZeneca option; E.U. finds a 'possible link' to rare clots. 4/2021 Understanding mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Understanding COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Genome.gov Understanding Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines Update on AstraZeneca and blood clots. German researchers might have found the link between the COVID-19 vaccine and unusual cases of blood clots. 3/2021 U.S. Health Officials Question AstraZeneca Vaccine Trial Results. According to federal officials, an independent panel of medical experts said the promising results announced by the company on Monday may have relied on "outdated information." 3/2021 Vaccines alone may not be enough to end pandemic 3/2021 Vaccines could prevent asymptomatic infection. Here's why that's key to ending the pandemic. If vaccines can halt asymptomatic spread, then "you could potentially vaccinate your way out of the epidemic," one expert said. 3/2021 Vaccine Testing and the Approval Process 5/2014 Viral vector-based vaccines for COVID-19 3/2021 WebMD Poll: Most Would Wait on COVID Vaccine 7/2020 What Are the Factors That Improve COVID Vaccine Antibody Response? 4/2021 What you need to know about mRNA vaccines, a unique solution to solving the coronavirus crisis 4/2020 Which Covid Vaccine Should You Get? Experts Cite the Effect Against Severe Disease. Infectious disease doctors say getting a shot of the J&J vaccine, which has a lower efficacy against the virus than other vaccines, would still be well worthwhile. 1/2021 Will You Need a Booster Shot of the COVID-19 Vaccine? 4/2021
Vaccine Booster
May 31, 2022
Graphic source @LiveScience https://www.livescience.com/second-coronavirus-booster-questions-answered
Graphic source: https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-frequently-asked-questions
Graphic source: https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/do-i-qualify-covid-19-vaccine-booster-and-which-one
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html
Vaccine Hesitancy
Graphic source: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/05/1059828993/data-vaccine-misinformation-trump-counties-covid-death-rate
Graphic source: https://time.com/6079553/vaccine-mandates-will-help-the-us-achieve-herd-immunity/
Graphic source: https://time.com/6079553/vaccine-mandates-will-help-the-us-achieve-herd-immunity/
Vaccine Mandates
A Look at the Supreme Court Ruling on Vaccination Mandates 1/2022 Covid vaccination mandates for city workers caused backlash. But data show they're working.
Public employees are vaccinated at a higher rate than the general public in 19 cities, an NBC News analysis found. 11/2021 Did COVID vaccine mandates work? What the data say. A measure of last resort got a major workout during the pandemic. Scientists are now trying to determine whether the benefits outweighed the potential damage to public trust. 7/2022 Effectiveness of vaccination mandates in improving uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA 7/2022 Mandatory Employee Vaccines – Coming to A State Near You? (UPDATED) Vaccine Mandates: What to Know 8/2021 AMA, 56 Other Groups Back Mandatory COVID Vax for Healthcare Workers - Major medical groups call for all healthcare and long-term care employers to require vaccination 7/2021 American Hospital Association Joins Others in Support of COVID Vax Mandates - Largest U.S.-based healthcare organization to advocate for these requirements so far 7/2021 American Hospital Association Policy Statement on Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination of Health Care Personnel Approved by the Board of Trustees July 21, 2021 Are COVID-19 vaccine mandates legal? 9/2021 Biden Hopes To Boost COVID Vaccination Rates By Focusing On Federal Workers 7/2021 California Implements First-in-the-Nation Measures to Encourage State Employees and Health Care Workers to Get Vaccinated 7/2021 Coronavirus Update NYC: City mandates weekly testing for all unvaccinated municipal workers 7/2021 COVID Vaccine Mandates Are Coming, So Get Used to It. The highly contagious Delta variant is driving another wave of COVID infections, hospitalizations, and death. 7/2021 Federal judge upholds Indiana University's Covid-19 vaccination policy 7/2021 Federal law doesn't prohibit Covid-19 vaccine requirements, Justice Department says 7/2021 Major Health Care Professional Organizations Call for COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates for All Health Workers 7/2021 Multisociety Statement on COVID-19 Vaccination as a Condition of Employment for Healthcare Personnel 7/2021 New York Will Require State Workers To Be Vaccinated Or Undergo Weekly Testing 7/2021 Others in Support of COVID Vax Mandates. Largest U.S.-based healthcare organization to advocate for these requirements so far 7/2021 Pentagon, Federal Government Push for Employee Vaccinations 7/2021 Private companies must require vaccines for workers. It's the only way to get past COVID. 7/2021 Supreme Court rejects challenge to Indiana University's vaccination requirement. Eight students asked the court for an emergency order, arguing that the risks of vaccination outweigh potential benefits for those in their age group. 8/2021 Vaccine mandates more likely once FDA grants full approvals, health experts say, The regulatory signoff would remove a significant legal and public relations barrier to requirements, former government officials said. 7/2021 VA mandates COVID-19 vaccines among its medical employees including VHA facilities staff 7/2021 Whether Section 564 of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Prohibits Entities from Requiring the Use of a Vaccine Subject to an Emergency Use Authorization 7/2021 DOJ.gov Yes, Covid-19 vaccine mandates are legal. What the law says about vaccine mandates, explained. 7/2021
Back to Table of Contents
Digital Vaccine Credentials; Vaccine Passports/Cards
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/CDCgov/status/1453450184738889732
Breakthrough Infections
Graphic source: https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/93928
Graphic: July 22, 2021 White House Briefing - Dr. Fauci
A blood marker predicts who gets "breakthrough" COVID. Real-world evidence from a medical centre links high levels of potent antibodies after vaccination to a reduced risk of infection. 7/2021 Association Between Immune Dysfunction and COVID-19 Breakthrough Infection After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in the US 12/2-21 Breakthrough Covid cases: Data shows how many vaccinated Americans have tested positive. The 125,682 "breakthrough" cases in 38 states represent less than .08 percent of the 164.2 million-plus people fully vaccinated since January. Breakthrough COVID Infection Rates as Expected - Low numbers of breakthrough infections among the fully vaccinated; national count unknown 4/2021 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated People Less Likely to Cause "Long COVID" 9/2021
CDC Alarmed: 74% of Cases in Cape Cod Cluster Were Among the Vaxxed - More detail about outbreak in vaccinated people that led to the change in masking, test guidance 7/2021 CDC Studies Breakthrough COVID Cases Among People Already Vaccinated 4/2021 COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigation and Reporting CDC.gov 7/2021 COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC - United States, January 1-April 30, 2021 5/2021 MMWR
COVID Breakthrough Cases Ran the Gamut in Healthcare Workers 7/2021 COVID-19 Breakthrough Case Investigations and Reporting 4/2021 COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a SARS-CoV-2 R.1 Lineage Variant in a Skilled Nursing Facility After Vaccination Program — Kentucky, March 2021 4/2021 MMWR Do COVID Vaccines Stave Off New Medical Conditions? Large study finds breakthrough cases linked with lower risk of diabetes, hypertension diagnoses 5/2022 Even if they get breakthrough infections, vaccinated people don't get as sick with Covid-19, studies show 11/2021 Increased risk for COVID-19 breakthrough infection in fully vaccinated patients with substance use disorders in the United States between December 2020 and August 2021 10/2021 Is It Allergies or a Breakthrough Infection? 9/2021 mRNA vaccines slash risk of COVID-19 infection by 91 percent in fully vaccinated people, study finds. Illness is significantly milder in rare 'breakthrough' cases of the disease 7/2021 No, Most COVID Infections Are Not Occurring in Vaccinated People - Provincetown statistic being misinterpreted 8/2021
Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Including COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections, Associated with Large Public Gatherings - Barnstable County, Massachusetts, July 2021 7/2021 MMWR Patients With HIV at Higher Risk for COVID Breakthrough Infections — Fully vaccinated HIV patients had a 28% higher risk 6/2022 Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff Members - Chicago, Illinois, December 2020-March 2021 4/2021 MMWR SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021 Science.org 11/2021 See the Data on Breakthrough Covid Hospitalizations and Deaths by State 8/2021 So far, 5,800 fully vaccinated people have caught Covid anyway in US, CDC says 4/2021 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Variants 6/2021 NEJM Vaccine efficacy on variants. How do we know if current vaccines will be effective against new variants? 4/2021 Vaccine Refusal Will Come at a Cost For All of Us
People who refuse to get the COVID-19 vaccine will have higher health-care costs. The rest of us will foot the bill. 4/2021 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Variants 4/2021 NEJM.org We Need to Start Thinking Differently About Breakthrough Infections 12/2021 TIME What breakthrough infections mean for the Covid vaccines. As coronavirus cases once again rise in the U.S., experts say breakthrough cases will also go up, but that doesn't mean the vaccines aren't working. 7/2021 Why CDC Changed Its 'Breakthrough Case' Definition - Will new monitoring tactic miss the "full picture" of COVID infections among the vaccinated? 5/2021 Why Does CDC Want the Vaccinated Tested? One Word: Delta -Increased transmission with variant, likely more severe: "the war has changed," says CDC document 7/2021
Special populations groups
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html
Vaccine-induced Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia
Vaccine-induced Myocarditis
Graphic source: https://smw.ch/article/doi/SMW.2021.w30087
4 key takeaways from an updated look at vaccine-related myocarditis in the US 1/2022 Clinical Considerations: Myocarditis and Pericarditis after Receipt of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Among Adolescents and Young Adults 5/2021 Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 3: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Other Cardiomyopathies, and Myocarditis. A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology 11/2015 FDA to Add Warning on Rare Myocarditis Risk After COVID Vaccination - But CDC and others still believe benefits outweigh risks for adolescents and young adults 6/2021 First Close Look at Presumed Myocarditis Cases After COVID Vaccination - Case reports suggest a favorable clinical course after hospitalization 6/2021 Here's Why Experts Are Comfortable With Myocarditis Numbers - The signal is real, but the condition is mild, and the benefits outweigh any risks 6/2021 Myocarditis Cases Reported After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US From December 2020 to August 2021 1/2022 JAMA B> Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination CDC.gov
The VaST session on May 17, 2021, included several presentations on myocarditis following mRNA vaccines, CDC.gov C.D.C. Is Investigating a Heart Problem in a Few Young Vaccine Recipients. The agency is reviewing several dozen reports that teenagers and young adults may have developed myocarditis after vaccination, officials said. But the agency has not determined whether the vaccine caused the condition. 5/2021 CDC reviewing cases of heart damage in young adults after COVID-19 vaccination 5/2021
Clinical Considerations for evaluation of myocarditis/pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination. CDC.gov Heart Inflammation
Also known as Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis NIH.gov Risk of heart damage higher after COVID-19 than vaccination 8/2021 Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting 8/2021 NEJM The very low risk of myocarditis and pericarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination should not discourage vaccination. Position Paper of the Swiss Society of Cardiology (SSC), Working Group of Echocardiography and Cardiac Imaging of the SSC and the Swiss Society of Pediatric Cardiology 10/2021
Vaccine & Women
Vaccine Efficacy
Graphic source: https://www.phi.org/press/breakthrough-infection-study-compares-decline-in-vaccine-effectiveness-and-consequences-for-mortality/
https://www.phi.org/press/breakthrough-infection-study-compares-decline-in-vaccine-effectiveness-and-consequences-for-mortality/
Researchers found that protection against any COVID-19 infection declined for all vaccine types, with overall vaccine protection declining from 87.9% in February to 48.1% by October 2021.
For those under 65 years old, vaccines overall were 81.7% effective against death.
For those 65 and over, overall vaccine effectiveness against death was 71.6%.
Vaccine Reactions
Graphic source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra2035343
Back to Table of Contents
COVID-19 Testing Issues
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/BillKarins/status/1247848309114523648/photo/1
Graphic source: https://nationalpostcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/na0407-covid-19-testing-by-country.png
Inadequate Testing/Testing Capacity
America now finally meets the bare minimum for coronavirus testing 6/2020 America needs universal COVID-19 testing. 4/2020. Here's how we'll get there. The U.S. should be testing anywhere from 3 million to 30 million people for coronavirus a week, to at least 20 million a day, public health officials say. Congress livid over lags in coronavirus testing. "It's very frustrating that we have been so slow in getting the testing," says Mitt Romney. 3/2020 Coronavirus and the race to distribute reliable diagnostics 2/2020 Coronavirus Testing Needs to Triple Before the U.S. Can Reopen, Experts Say 4/2020 Coronavirus testing: Information on COVID-19 tests according to state health departments 3/2020 Despite Promises, Testing Delays Leave Americans Flying Blind 4/2020 NYT Failing the Test, The Tragic Data Gap Undermining the U.S. Pandemic Response 5/2020 GAO: Insufficient testing data hurt COVID-19 tracking efforts 6/2020 How Jared Kushner's Secret Testing Plan "Went Poof Into Thin Air" 7/2020 How testing failures allowed coronavirus to sweep the U.S. 4/2020 In one Italian town, we showed mass testing could eradicate the coronavirus. 3/2020 By identifying and isolating clusters of infected people, we wiped out Covid-19 in VO Months Into Virus Crisis, U.S. Cities Still Lack Testing Capacity 7/2020 No Data Behind CDC's Testing Guideline Change; Absent any evidence, experts speculate that supply shortages, politics influenced agency's decision 8/2020 States Are Livid After Trump Sends Useless Coronavirus Testing Equipment 4/2020 Testing Backlogs May Cloud the True Spread of the Coronavirus 7/2020 U.S. Coronavirus Testing Still Falls Short. How's Your State Doing? 5/2020 Virus Test Shortages Undermine Drive to Restart U.S. Economy 5/2020 Why America's coronavirus testing barely improved in April 5/2020
Laboratory Reporting
Missed Testing
Test Quality
Test Strategy
Back to Table of Contents
General Prevention Measures Rule of thumb: If you can't remember the names of the people you spent time with in the past 5 days, at close distance (<6 feet), for more than 15 minutes, without wearing a mask, you have probably placed yourself at risk of contracting coronavirus.(Betty C. Jung) https://twitter.com/bettycjung/status/1276687102332358658
Graphic source: https://www.statnews.com/2022/11/21/how-infectious-disease-experts-are-responding-to-covid-nearly-three-years-in/
Graphic source: https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/60d24e6a9d599e1102344521/dd893dca-7353-4507-bf49-5e7ac232e9b8/Levels+of+Protection+-+Images+-+6-9.jpg
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj-2021-068302
EndCoronavirus.org
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/12/upshot/covid-epidemiologists.html
Prevent The Spread: Remember the Three Cs @YouTube
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/covid-19-implications-for-business
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/when-to-delay-travel.html
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/Surgeon_General/status/1297508127424872450
Graphic source: https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-transmission-overview
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/21882/chance-of-covid-19-transmission/
Graphic source: https://www.vox.com/2020/5/22/21266756/coronavirus-pandemic-covid-risks-social-distancing-chart
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/content/369/8243
Graphic source: https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2020/3/26/21192211/coronavirus-covid-19-social-distancing-end
Graphic source: https://content-design.statista.com/the-new-normal/
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html
Back to Table of Contents
Consumer Information
Duration of Behavioral Policy Interventions and Incidence of COVID-19 by Social Vulnerability of US Counties, April–December 2020 10/2022 Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ 11/2021 Fear of catching COVID-19 heightened Americans’ disgust sensitivity. In study, pandemic affected people’s perceptions of what is gross 1/2022 How infectious disease experts are responding to Covid nearly three years in 11/2022 Multiple Measures, Including Masks, Needed to Curb Covid-19 Scientific Brief National Nurses United
COVID-19 Complaint Tracker American Public Health Association Get Ready Page about COVID-19 Resource Page Coronavirus has changed our lives, and our vocabulary needs to change with it 7/2020 COVID-19 for Older Adults Despite seeing great risk, Americans slow to make major changes to deal with COVID 7/2020 Disparities in Coronavirus 2019 Reported Incidence, Knowledge, and Behavior Among US Adults 7/2020 Fraudulent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Products Get the Facts About Coronavirus How to Have a Safer Pandemic Memorial Day 5/2020 Government COVID-19 resources for older adults NIH.gov How to prevent the coronavirus, the best precautions 1/2020 Media trust correlated with COVID-19 prevention behaviors, study finds 10/2020 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and You 1/2020 People use, trust different COVID-19 information sources depending on gender, age, and other factors. Traditional media and government are leading sources of information, but trust in government has declined. 10/2020 Print Resources - Educational Information about COVID-19 CDC.gov Stop AAPI Hate Reporting Center Report hate crimes against Asians The New Normal? 723 Epidemiologists on When and How the U.S. Can Fully Return to Normal
Government mandates are lifting, but these experts say the pandemic won't really end nationally until more people, including children, are vaccinated. 5/2021 How 700 Epidemiologists Are Living Now, and What They Think Is Next 12/2020 What to do if you've just tested positive for Covid
With the fast-spreading omicron variant, there has been a rise in cases, including breakthrough infections. These are the steps to take if you test positive. 12/2021 When 511 Epidemiologists Expect to Fly, Hug and Do 18 Other Everyday Activities Again 6/2020 What you need to know about Coronavirus Princes Georges County Government With Hugs and Haircuts, U.S. Epidemiologists Start Returning (Carefully!) to Everyday Life
Vaccinations mean the pandemic is moving to a phase when behavior will depend on people’s individual tolerance for risk. NY Times 5/2021
Behavioral Interventions
Graphic source: https://link.vox.com/click/26356664.41422/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWhsdy5nby5qcC9jb250ZW50LzNDUy5wZGY/608c70997e3ba002de9e18a1Bbe6d659d
Graphic source:
https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/ppt/2023/012423_slides.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.statnews.com/2021/11/10/covid19-pandemic-thanksgiving-christmas-movies-gym/
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/03/04/world/covid-19-coronavirus
Caregiving
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2769613
COVID-19 Community Levels
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/community-levels.html
Disinfection
List N: Disinfectants for Coronavirus (COVID-19) EPA.gov 15 Ways to Protect Yourself From Coronavirus at Home
From isolation rooms to hand sanitizer stations, here's how to protect your home from COVID-19 Best Household Cleaners for Different Jobs WebMD Cleaning and Disinfection for Households; Interim Recommendations for U.S. Households with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CDC.gov Cleaning and Disinfecting CDC.gov Cleaning And Disinfecting Your Home; Everyday Steps and Extra Steps When Someone Is Sick CDC.gov Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing Coronavirus Puts UV in the Disinfectant Spotlight 6/2020 Far-UVC light safely kills airborne coronaviruses, study finds 6/2020 Germicidal Ultraviolet (GUV) Frequently Asked Questions 2020 Germicidal Ultraviolet (GUV) Frequently Asked Questions 2020 Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations WHO.int Household Cleaning & Sanitizing CDC.gov Important New IES Report: Germicidal Ultraviolet and COVID-19 4/2020. The Illuminating Engineering Society releases new report on Germicidal Ultraviolet (GUV) and how it could reduce the spread of COVID-19. Improper use of Disinfectants Knowledge and Practices Regarding Safe Household Cleaning and Disinfection for COVID-19 Prevention — United States, May 2020 MMWR 6/2020 List N: EPA's Registered Antimicrobial Products for Use Against Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the Cause of COVID-19 7/2020 Lysol maker: Please don't drink our cleaning products 4/2020 Most people don't clean right, so use these tips Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Fighting Products No, You Don't Need To Disinfect Your Groceries. But Here's How To Shop Safely 4/2020 Should You Clean Your Phone to Combat Coronavirus? Definitely... Maybe. 3/2020 Spike in Poison Control Calls Related to Disinfectant Exposures 6/2020 Trump comments prompt doctors, and Lysol, to warn against injecting disinfectants WP.com 4/2020
Back to Table of Contents
Face Masks, Face Shields & Respiratory Protection Importantly, uncovered emulated coughs were able to travel noticeably farther than the currently recommended 6-foot distancing guideline. Without a mask, droplets traveled more than 8 feet; with a bandana, they traveled 3 feet, 7 inches; with a folded cotton handkerchief, they traveled 1 foot, 3 inches; with the stitched quilting cotton mask, they traveled 2.5 inches; and with the cone-style mask, droplets traveled about 8 inches.
When the mannequin was not fitted with a mask, they projected droplets much farther than the 6-foot distancing guidelines currently recommended by the CDC. The researchers observed droplets traveling up to 12 feet within approximately 50 seconds. Moreover, the tracer droplets remained suspended midair for up to three minutes in the quiescent environment. These observations, in combination with other recent studies, suggest that current social-distancing guidelines may need to be updated to account for aerosol-based transmission of pathogens.
Tokyo study tested how well different types of masks protected wearers from actual coronavirus particles, Simple cotton mask (17 to 27%). Medical masks including surgical mask (47 to 50%); loosefitting N95 (57 to 86%); tightly sealed N95 (79 to 90% protection). @nytimes
VIDEO
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7106e1.htm
The researchers found that a cloth face covering reduced emissions in all directions to about two feet (shown in row 2) compared to the four feet of emissions produced when coughing or speaking with no mask on (row 1). The reduction was even greater when wearing a surgical mask, which reduced the distance coughing and speaking emissions traveled to only about half a foot (row 3).
Graphic source: https://www.ucf.edu/news/face-masks-cut-distance-airborne-pathogens-could-travel-in-half-new-study-finds/
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7106e1.htm
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/bettycjung/status/1481480989826289664
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/bettycjung/status/1481481753676206081
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/seungminkim/status/1478867026542219264
Graphic source: https://www.acgih.org/covid-19-fact-sheet-worker-resp/
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7007e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7e8t-Rzv0I
Graphic source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7e8t-Rzv0I
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/13/upshot/epidemiologists-coronavirus-masks.html
VIDEO
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7010e3.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7007e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/wear-face-masks-no-metal-during-mri-exams-fda-safety-communication
Graphic source: https://www.livescience.com/face-shield-visualization-covid-19-spread.html
Graphic source: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/08/27/more-americans-say-they-are-regularly-wearing-masks-in-stores-and-other-businesses/
Graphic source: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/08/27/more-americans-say-they-are-regularly-wearing-masks-in-stores-and-other-businesses/
Graphic source: https://www.physiciansweekly.com/?post_type=post&p=195055
Graphic source: https://www.physiciansweekly.com/?post_type=post&p=195055
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0843-2
Graphic source: https://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2020/07/24/thoraxjnl-2020-215748
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/22300/face-mask-usage-by-demographic/
VIDEO
Graphic source: WebMD
Graphic source: https://time.com/5819527/babies-face-masks-thailand/
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h694/infographic
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/21687/share-of-the-public-who-have-worn-a-face-mask-in-public/
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/21322/purpose-and-protective-effect-of-selected-face-masks/
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/WebMD/status/1253904079224541184
Bacterial and fungal isolation from face masks under the COVID-19 pandemic 7/2022 CDC: 67% of Americans Should Be Wearing Masks Indoors or Considering It. The percentage of Americans who should be wearing masks in public indoor spaces under CDC guidance is increasing as the U.S. averages more than 100,000 new coronavirus cases each day. 6/2022 Covid’s Catch-22: The paradox of masking and disease 6/2022 Effectiveness of Face Mask or Respirator Use in Indoor Public Settings for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection - California, February-December 2021. 2/2022 MMWR Lifting Universal Masking in Schools — Covid-19 Incidence among Students and Staff 11/2022 NEJM Proper N95 Respirator Use for Respiratory Protection Preparedness 3/2020 CDC.gov
Types of Masks and Respirators CDC.gov Updated 1/21/2022 An upper bound on one-to-one exposure to infectious human respiratory particles 12/2021 Can 'one-way masking' really protect you from COVID on a crowded plane? 4/2022 Effectiveness of Face Mask or Respirator Use in Indoor Public Settings for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection - California, February-December 2021 2/2022 MMWR Enforcement Policy for Face Masks, Barrier Face Coverings, Face Shields, Surgical Masks, and Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency (Revised). Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff 9/2021 FDA.gov Everyone should be wearing N95 masks now 1/2021 Face Coverings and Masks idsociety.org Face Masks Cut Distance Airborne Pathogens Could Travel in Half, New Study Finds. The findings suggest that masks can be highly effective in preventing the spread of airborne diseases, such as COVID-19, and could allow for the use of reduced social distancing. 1/2022 Here's why you might still want to wear masks on public transport 4/2022 How to Find a Quality Mask (and Avoid Counterfeits). Knowing which mask to pick and making sure it’s not a fake requires the sleuthing skills of a forensic investigator. Our guide can help. 1/2022 Impact of Lifting School Masking Requirements on Incidence of COVID-19 among Staff and Students in Greater-Boston Area School Districts: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis 8/2022 Preprint Mandatory masking in schools reduced COVID-19 cases during Delta surge 3/2022
NIH-funded study compared more than 1.1 million students across nine states. Masks & Face Coverings for the Public idsociety.org Children Ages 2 and Up Who Aren't Fully Vaccinated Should Continue to Wear Face Masks, the American Academy of Pediatrics Recommends 5/2021 Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 10/2020 Hundreds of Epidemiologists Expected Mask-Wearing in Public for at Least a Year. The C.D.C. said Thursday that vaccinated Americans no longer needed masks in most places. Other disease experts recently had a different message: that masks were necessary in public. NY Times 5/2021 IDSA Sees 'Widespread' Confusion, Frustration Over CDC Mask Policy - Guidance was a surprise that came too soon, and will be hard to implement 5/2021 Here's the science that convinced the CDC to lift mask mandates. The decision was guided by scientific evidence that the vaccines have played a major role in curbing both infections and transmission of the virus. 5/2021 Association of State-Issued Mask Mandates and Allowing On-Premises Restaurant Dining with County-Level COVID-19 Case and Death Growth Rates - United States, March 1-December 31, 2020 3/2021 Decline in COVID-19 Hospitalization Growth Rates Associated with Statewide Mask Mandates - 10 States, March-October 2020 2/2021 Effectiveness of Mask Wearing to Control Community Spread of SARS-CoV-2 2/2021 JAMA Effect of Clear vs Standard Covered Masks on Communication With Patients During Surgical Clinic Encounters
A Randomized Clinical Trial 3/2021 JAMA Federal Register Notice: Wearing of face masks while on conveyances and at transportation hubs 1/2021 5 Questions: Stanford scientists on COVID-19 mask guidelines 7/2020 5 Myths About Coronavirus and Face Masks, Debunked 6/2020 7 Signs You Need to Replace Your Face Mask ASAP 4/2020 A Comprehensive Guide to Face Masks; Helpful tips and tricks for making mask wearing a little easier Cleveland Clinic Advice on the Use of Masks in the Context of COVID-19 4/2020 Anyone Living in Areas With Widespread COVID-19 Transmission Should Wear Masks, WHO Says WHO 6/2020 Are Some Face Masks More Effective Than Others? 11/2020 Cloth Face Coverings: Questions and Answers CDC.gov 4/2020 Cloth masks can help stop the spread of COVID-19, save lives and restore jobs #Masks4All Cloth masks do protect the wearer - breathing in less coronavirus means you get less sick 8/2020 Community Use of Cloth Masks to Control the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 CDC.gov Considerations for Wearing Cloth Face Covering 6/2020 Considerations for Wearing Masks - Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19 Coronavirus Cases Drop 46% In Parts Of S. Carolina With Mask Mandates Compared To Areas Without 8/2020 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: When and how to use masks WHO Coronavirus Safety Runs Into a Stubborn Barrier: Masculinity. When political leaders suggest basic precautions appear unmanly, men are less likely to follow health and safety advice, experts say. 10/2020 Coronavirus: Which Mask Should You Wear? COVID-19: How much protection do face masks offer? COVID-19: Workers Need Respirators ACGIH.org Disposable surgical masks best for being heard clearly when speaking, study finds 12/2020 Do face masks really reduce coronavirus spread? Experts have mixed answers. 4/2020 Do Masks On Plane Flights Really Cut Your Risk Of Catching COVID-19? 10/2020 Duke University Face Masks Study: Which Work the Best? 8/2020 Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS-CoV-2: A Controlled Comparison in 4 Patients 4/2020 Annals.org Effectiveness of surgical masks against influenza bioaerosols 5/2013 Efficacy of Face Shields Against Cough Aerosol Droplets From a Cough Simulator 2014 Efficacy of masks and face coverings in controlling outward aerosol particle emission from expiratory activities 9/2020 Everything you need to know about face masks | COVID-19 Special Experts: A mask cuts your coronavirus risk by 65% 7/2020 Face coverings and mask to minimise droplet dispersion and aerosolisation: a video case study 7/2020 Face Coverings Made From Layered Cotton Fabric Likely Slow the Spread of COVID-19 Better Than Synthetics, New Study Finds 6/2020 Face masks slow spread of COVID-19; types of masks, length of use matter. Pandemic could be stopped if at least 70 percent of the public wore face masks consistently 11/2020
Face masks: what the data say 10/2020 Facemasks for the prevention of infection in healthcare and community settings BMJ.com 2015 Face masks may return amid holiday ‘tripledemic’ of covid, flu and RSV. Health experts say a quality medical mask remains a highly effective line of defense against respiratory viruses 12/2022 Face-mask use in the United States A regularly surveyed representative sample of Americans about their own use of face-masks due to COVID-19 and their perception of whether 'their neighbors' are also wearing face masks. Face shields did not protect people from the coronavirus in an outbreak in Switzerland, but masks did, health officials say 7/2020 Factors Associated with Cloth Face Covering Use Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic United States, April and May 2020 MMWR 7/2020 Georgia Tech - Will you mask for me? Everything you need to know to create your own masks Homemade masks can work, physics suggests; But don't expect a bandana to do the job. 6/2020 How Effective Are Face Masks? How to Safely Wash and Dry Fabric Masks 5/2020 It's Official: CDC Recommends Public Wear Face Masks, Stresses use of cloth coverings, not medical grade, for ordinary people 4/2020 Low-cost measurement of facemask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech 8/2020 Maintaining face mask use before and after achieving different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels: a modelling study 3/2022 Lancet.com Masks And The Outdoor Exerciser: Advice For Runners, Bikers, Walkers, Hikers 6/2020 Mask Mandate Exemptions Put Pulmonary Patients at Risk - Exemptions aren't evidence based, respiratory group says 10/2020 Masks May Reduce Viral Dose, Some Experts Say. People wearing face coverings will take in fewer coronavirus particles, evidence suggests, making disease less severe. 7/2020 Masks, PPE materials should be hydrophilic 8/2020 Mask Use and Ventilation Improvements to Reduce COVID-19 Incidence in Elementary Schools - Georgia, November 16-December 11, 2020 MMWR 5/2021 Masks Work. Really. We'll Show You How 10/2020 Maximizing Fit for Cloth and Medical Procedure Masks to Improve Performance and Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Exposure, 2021 2/2021 Modeling the filtration efficiency of a woven fabric: The role of multiple length scales 3/2022 More Americans say they are regularly wearing masks in stores and other businesses 8/2020 Moving Personal Protective Equipment Into the Community, Face Shields and Containment of COVID-19 4/2020 National mandate on mask-wearing could work better than lockdowns, new report suggests 6/2020 "A national mask mandate could increase U.S. face mask usage by statistically significant and economically large amounts," the report concluded. No surprise, N95 respirators offer health workers and others best protection against COVID-19. With cases climbing, masks and other protection methods remain important. 8/2022 Ongoing Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) Part 6A: Face recognition accuracy with masks using pre-COVID-19 algorithms 7/2020 Performative masculinity is making American men sick. American men are failing the pandemic. 8/2020 SARS-CoV-2 Transmission to Masked and Unmasked Close Contacts of University Students with COVID-19 - St. Louis, Missouri, January-May 2021 9/2021 MMWR Preventing the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 With Masks and Other "Low-tech" Interventions 10/2020 Quilting Cotton Face Masks Better Than Bandanas 6/2020 Respiratory Protection During Outbreaks: Respirators versus Surgical Masks NIOSH Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks 5/2020 SARS-CoV-2 Incidence in K-12 School Districts with Mask-Required Versus Mask-Optional Policies - Arkansas, August-October 2021 3/2022 MMWR Seeing is Believing; The Effectiveness of Facemasks 7/2020 Seeing is Believing: Researchers Test Effectiveness of Facemasks and Social Distancing youtube Should We Bring Masks Back Into the Classroom?
— Mask mandates can ease the burden on our healthcare system 11/2022 Should We Keep Wearing Masks Even After the Pandemic Ends? 5/2021 Study Indicates That Humidity in Breath Makes Cotton Masks More Effective at Slowing the Spread of COVID-19. Cotton fabrics become better filters when exposed to humid conditions. Synthetic fabrics do not. 3/2021 NIST.gov The evidence for everyone wearing masks, explained 3/2020 The growing scientific evidence for masks to fight Covid-19, explained 7/2020 The Multiplicative Power of Masks An Explorable Essay on How Masks Can End COVID-19 9/2020 The Psychology Behind Why Some People Refuse To Wear Face Masks 6/2020. As coronavirus cases spike, those who refuse to wear face coverings remain as firm in their choice as ever. Here's what psychologists say is driving their behavior. 'Two-way street': CDC report says masks protect wearers and everyone else
"Adopting universal masking policies can help avert future lockdowns," the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. 11/2020 Universal Masking to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: The Time Is Now 7/2020 Unsure About Actually Wearing a Face Mask? Here is How (and Why) to Do It. Tips for wearing one properly + how to wash it 4/2020 Update Alert 8: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings 7/2022 Use of Cloth Face Coverings to Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19 CDC.gov Visualization shows face shields may not protect against COVID-19 spread 9/2020 Want a Silver Bullet for COVID-19? Look to The Lone Ranger 7/2020 Washing Masks Wear Face Masks with No Metal During MRI Exams: FDA Safety Communication 12/2020 Wearing a mask can significantly reduce coronavirus transmission, study on hamsters claims 5/2020 Wearing Face Masks and Social Distancing Actually Work to Contain COVID-19, According to a New Study 6/2020 Time.com What face masks actually do against coronavirus What is a mask valve, and why are cities banning them? What mask should I wear to protect against transmissible acute respiratory infections? 5/2021 What the Never-Ending Mask Debate Is Really About -— Hint: It's not the science 12/2022 What We Know So Far About Masks and Coronavirus 10/2020 Why You Should Double-Mask To Prevent COVID-19 (And How To Do It)
Wearing two face masks during the pandemic may be a super-effective way to protect yourself against new coronavirus variants. 1/2021 World Mask Week aims to inspire global movement to wear face coverings in public to help stem exponential spread of COVID-19 8/2020 You're Getting Used to Masks. Will You Wear a Face Shield? 5/2020 Which mask works best? We filmed people coughing and sneezing to find out 7/2020 WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 5 June 2020 6/2020 Widespread facemask use could shrink the 'R' number and prevent a second COVID-19 wave 6/2020
Back to Table of Contents
Handwashing
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6940a2.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html
Influenza, Allergies or COVID-19
Graphic source: https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/infographic-overlap-symptoms.html
VIDEO
Graphic source: https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/941509
1/21/2021
Graphic source: CDC
3/11/2021
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/CDCemergency/status/1377974108781174788
9/29/2021
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/CDCgov/status/1447639896768778241/photo/1
Isolation and Quarantine
Mass Gatherings
Mental Health and Wellness
Graphic source: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-squeaky-wheel/202008/10-signs-you-have-pandemic-fatigue-and-how-cope
Graphic source:
https://www.medicalcenter.virginia.edu/population-health/counselors-corner/covid-19-mental-health-stress-management-resources
Graphic source: https://time.com/5886228/depression-covid-19-pandemic/
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6932a1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-you-can-make-difference-during-coronavirus-pandemic
10 Signs You Have Pandemic Fatigue and How to Cope; Months of stress and uncertainty take a toll on our emotional health 8/2020 Activity Planner. Ready to get more active this week?
Acute anxiety: Internet searches for key words spiked to all-time high early in pandemic Allostatic Load Is the Psychological Reason for Our Pandemic Brain Fog. 4/2020 This is why you're exhausted just from being alone. An injection
of hope Life after the COVID-19 vaccine 4/2021 Back to normal? Psychologists warn the pandemic could have lasting effects. Mental health professionals are ramping up their efforts to understand the pandemic's impact — and early findings are not encouraging. 5/2021 Behavioral Health and Suicide Prevention During COVID-19 1/2021 NYC.gov Caring for someone at home CDC.gov Coping with Stress COVID-19: 24/7 Parenting COVID-19 and the Denial of Death The pandemic is driving us to extremes. 9/2020 COVID-19 anxiety linked to body image issues 10/2020 COVID-19 infections are surging. So are kids' fears. How to help children cope with ongoing pandemic anxiety 11/2020 COVID-19 Mental Health & Stress Management Resources COVID-19 pandemic impacts mental health worldwide. Physical distancing measures to mitigate viral spread increased anxiety 3/2021 COVID-19 Racism Takes Toll on Chinese Americans' Mental Health; Slurs perpetuated online, in-person become everyday reality for many families, survey reveals 10/2020 COVID-19: Worsening Impact on Mental Health 7/2020 Depression Has Skyrocketed During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Study Says 9/2002 Doing What Matters in Times of Stress: An Illustrated Guide WHO.int Eating Disorders: Another Consequence of COVID-19 - Isolation, lack of structure, uncertainty create "perfect storm" for crisis among kids, teens 3/2021 How Coronavirus Is Causing a Wave of "Broken Heart Syndrome" 7/2020 COMIC: How I Cope With Pandemic Numbness 4/2021 Post-vaccination Inertia Is Real. Readjusting our ideas about what's safe is going to take time. 4/2021 Symptoms of Anxiety or Depressive Disorder and Use of Mental Health Care Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, August 2020-February 2021 3/2021 MMWR The Pandemic Has Spurred a Return to Low-Cost Fitness Activities 3/2021 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How to care for a person with COVID-19 at home; Advice for caregivers Canada.ca Coronavirus pandemic may lead to 75,000 "deaths of despair" from suicide, drug and alcohol abuse, study says 5/2020 COVID-19 and your mental health COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate childhood obesity 4/2020 COVID-19's Psychological Toll: Mental Distress Among Americans Has Tripled During the Pandemic Compared to 2018 5/2020 Distorted passage of time during the COVID-19 lockdown 7/2020 How Americans are coping with COVID-19 stress 6/2020 Intimate Partner Violence and Child Abuse Considerations During COVID-19 SAMHSA.gov Let's Talk About Our Health Anxiety Over COVID-19 The calming power of conversation, mindfulness, and a little exercise. 4/2020 Nautilis.com Longer time spent at home during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with binge drinking among US adults 8/2020 Mental Health Challenges After COVID-19 Recovery. Short- and long-term depression, anxiety, PTSD may be an issue post-ICU 5/2020
Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic; United States, June 24-30, 2020 MMWR 8/2020 "Pandemic fatigue" marks a mental health crisis 7/2020
Pandemic Takes Toll on Family Mental Health. In survey, loss of childcare, employment ID'd as stressors 7/2020 Pandemic Stressors Give Rise to 'Broken Heart' Syndrome 7/2020. Incidence of stress cardiomyopathy recently elevated compared with historical cohorts Panicking About Coronavirus? Here's What You Can Do COVID-19 should raise an alert, but within reason Parenting in the time of COVID-19 Resources on the Response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) The National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV) Risks to children and young people during covid-19 pandemic Staying Active While Social Distancing: Questions and Answers Health.gov Stress and Coping Teen Coping Skills: Dealing With Disappointment When Coronavirus Cancels Everything 7 tips for grieving a long list of losses 4/2020 The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use 4/2020 The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing. The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention 4/2020 JAMA The Pandemic Has Spurred a Return to Low-Cost Fitness Activities 3/2021 The Pandemic's Mental Toll: More Ripple Than Tsunami 6/2020 The Remote Misses of COVID-19 8/2020 Violence against women during COVID-19 What is languishing? Alonely? A mental health glossary to explain what you're feeling Your brain on cortisol: Why overstressed gray matter is leading us astray in lockdown 12/2020
Back to Table of Contents
Nutrition and Food Safety
Sanitizers
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6932e1.htm
Self-care
Graphic source: https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/covid-19-coronavirus-infographic-datapack/
Graphic source: https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/axios-ipsos-coronavirus-index
Back to Table of Contents
Sexual Relationships
Graphic source: @OHAOregon
Sheltering in Place/Lockdowns/Quarantine
Graphic source: https://www.marketingcharts.com/digital/video-114571
Graphic source: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200617194510.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/10Things.pdf
Social Distancing
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/large-events/considerations-for-events-gatherings.html
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3223
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/parks-rec/public-beaches.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/personal-social-activities.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/large-events/considerations-for-events-gatherings.html
Graphic: Medpage
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/20/us/coronavirus-distancing-deaths.html
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/20/us/coronavirus-distancing-deaths.html
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/21198/effect-of-social-distancing-signer-lab/
6 feet away isn't enough. Covid-19 risk involves other dimensions, too. 6/2020 8 ways to go out and stay safe during the coronavirus pandemic 5/2020 Cities That Went All In on Social Distancing in 1918 Emerged Stronger for It 4/2020 Considerations for Events and Gatherings 6/2020 Considerations for Public Beaches 8/2020 COVID-19 outbreak lasts days longer for each day's delay in social distancing 6/2020 For Each Day's Delay in Social Distancing, a COVID-19 Outbreak Lasts Days Longer 6/2020 Holiday Celebrations CDC.gov How to Hug During a Pandemic 6/2020 Of the many things we miss from our pre-pandemic lives, hugging may top the list. We asked scientists who study airborne viruses to teach us the safest way to hug. Lockdown Delays Cost at Least 36,000 Lives, Data Show 5/2020 Participate in Outdoor and Indoor Activities 3/2021 Personal and Social Activities Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis 6/2020 Six feet might not be enough social distance to protect against the coronavirus, experts warn 8/2020 Social Distancing CDC.gov Social Distancing Behaviors Drop as U.S. Vaccinations Rise 4/2021 Social distancing can't last forever. Here's what should come next. 5/2020 Social Distancing, Quarantine, and Isolation. Keep Your Distance to Slow the Spread The Answer to All of Your Social Distancing Loophole Questions Is No 4/2020 The CDC finally has new guidelines for reducing Covid-19 risk post-lockdowns. 6/2020. Lockdowns are largely over. The CDC has new guidelines for being safe out in the world. The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing
The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention 4/2020 Tips For Social Distancing, Quarantine, And Isolation During An Infectious Disease Outbreak SAMHSA.gov Two metres or one: what is the evidence for physical distancing in covid-19? BMJ.com 8/2020 Visiting Parks and Recreational Facilities CDC.gov Will social distancing extend until mid-2021? 5/2020
Sports and Athletics
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7004e2.htm
High Prevalence of Pericardial Involvement in College Student-Athletes Recovering From COVID-19 (11/2020)
Graphic source:
https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.10.023
Social distance while exercising: 4-5 meters (13-16 feet) if walking, 10 meters (32 feet) if running and 20 meters (65 feet) if cycling.
COVID-19 Return-to-Play Algorithm for Competitive Athlete and Highly Active People. COVID-19 indicates coronavirus disease 2019; hsTn, high-sensitivity troponin I; RTP, return to play.
Graphic source: https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/05/13/12/53/exercise-and-athletics-in-the-covid-19-pandemic-era
Substance Use
Back to Table of Contents
Travel
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/travel-during-covid19.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/travel-during-covid19.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/travel-during-covid19.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/travel-in-the-us.html
Back to Table of Contents
Public Health Management & Guidance
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7030e2.htm
Graphic source:
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6949e2.htm
Graphic source; Information is Beautiful
Graphic source: https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/ppt/2020/Final_COCA_Call_Slides_04_17_2020.pdf
Graphic source: Initial Flowchart to Identify and Assess 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Historical) (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/identify-assess-flowchart.htm Historical
Communications Resources
For Public Health Professionals COVID-19 interventions can cut virus infections, severe outcomes, and healthcare needs 10/2020 Declines in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission, Hospitalizations, and Mortality After Implementation of Mitigation Measures Delaware, March-June 2020 11/2020 Differences in rapid increases in county-level COVID-19 incidence by implementation of statewide closures and mask mandates — United States, June 1-September 30, 2020 5/2021 FDA's Actions in Response to 2019 Novel Coronavirus at Home and Abroad 2/2020 Flowchart to Identify and Assess 2019 Novel Coronavirus PDF
Guidance for Implementing COVID-19 Prevention Strategies in the Context of Varying Community Transmission Levels and Vaccination Coverage. 7/2021 MMWR Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak; United States, December 31, 2019-February 4, 2020. MMWR 2/2020 National Forum on COVID-19 Vaccine Resources Page Pandemic Flu Planning Checklist Checklist for Individuals and Families Resources for First Responders and Law Enforcement Summary of Guidance for Public Health Strategies to Address High Levels of Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Related Deaths, December 2020 12/2020 7/2020 Update and Interim Guidance on Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China CDC.gov 1/2020
Back to Table of Contents
General Workplace Guidance
Graphic source: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3993.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6944a4.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/Essential-Critical-Workers_Dos-and-Donts.pdf
Economy Issues
Adult Film Industry
Agriculture Workers and Employers
Airline Travel; In-flight transmission
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7016e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7016e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7016e1.htm
In-flight Transmission: Dubai to New Zealand
Graphic source: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/health/coronavirus-airline-passengers-outbreak.html
Phylogenetic tree of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses isolated from passengers and airline crew members who traveled on the same flight from Boston, Massachusetts, USA, to Hong Kong, China. Human SARS-CoV-2 WIV04 is selected to be the root of this phylogenetic tree.
Graphic source: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/11/20-3254-f1
Transmission of SARS-CoV 2 During Long-Haul Flight: Seating location of passengers on Vietnam Airlines flight 54 from London, UK, to Hanoi, Vietnam, on March 2, 2020, for whom severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was later confirmed.
Graphic source: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/11/20-3299-f1
SARS-CoV 2 transmission: Australia to New Zealand
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/bettycjung/status/1334132700299583489
Percent of contacts by seating position across all flights. Note the declining number of contacts to the right as distance from the aisle increases.
Graphic source: https://www.pnas.org/content/115/14/3623
Schematic Diagram of the Boeing 737-300 Aircraft on Flight 2 from Hong Kong to Beijing (2003 SARS)
Graphic source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa031349
Frequency of Transmission on Three Aircraft Carrying One or More Persons Given a Diagnosis of a Probable Case of SARS.
Graphic source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa031349
Laboratory Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Reduction Through Physically Distanced Seating in Aircraft Cabins Using Bacteriophage Aerosol - November 2020 4/2021 MMWR A case study of extended in-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2en route to Aotearoa New Zealand 11/2020 Another Study Finds Covid-19 Can Spread On Long Airline Flights 11/2020 Covid-19 Can Spread On Long Airline Flights, Per Two New Studies 9/2020 Delta, American, United, and other major airlines signal rejection of new CDC guidance saying they should block middle seats 4/2021 59 Covid-19 Cases Linked To One 7-Hour Flight To Ireland, Per Study 10/2021 Filling middle seats nearly doubles airline passenger risk of catching COVID-19, says MIT researcher 5/2020 Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test or Recovery from COVID-19 for All Air Passengers Arriving in the United States 2/2021 Federal Register Notice: Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test Result or Recovery from COVID-19 for All Airline Passengers Arriving into the United States 1/2021 A case study of extended in-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2 en route to Aotearoa New Zealand 11/2020 A large national outbreak of COVID-19 linked to air travel, Ireland, summer 2020 10/2020 Air Travel and Communicable Diseases: Status of Research Efforts and Action Still Needed to Develop Federal Preparedness Plan 6/2020 Behaviors, movements, and transmission of droplet-mediated respiratory diseases during transcontinental airline flights 3/2018 CDC Expands Negative COVID-19 Test Requirement to All Air Passengers Entering the United States 1/2021 Considerations for Travelers; Coronavirus in the US 6/2020 Coronavirus FAQs: How Risky Is It To Fly? Is There Any Way To Reduce The Risks? 5/2020 Filling middle seats nearly doubles airline passenger risk of catching COVID-19, says MIT researcher 7/2020 Genomic Evidence of In-Flight Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Despite Predeparture Testing 1/2021 Here is how coronavirus spreads on a plane and the safest place to sit. Global travel opens new roads for outbreaks, like coronavirus and the flu but which is more dangerous, and how can you stay safe? 3/2020 In-Flight Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 9/2021 CDC.gov New Air Travel Health Regulations Will Likely Stick Around Post-Coronavirus 4/2020 One 18-Hour Flight, Four Coronavirus Infections 1/2021 Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis 6/2020. Lancet.com Review Article: Influenza Transmission on Aircraft. A Systematic Literature Review 8/2016 Thousands of passengers on commercial flights may have been exposed to coronavirus in 2020, CDC says 9/2020 Transmission of SARS-CoV 2 During Long-Haul Flight 9/2020 CDC.gov Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Aircraft 12/2003 Traveling (or Returning) to the U.S.? Prepare to Take a Coronavirus Test; Beginning Jan. 26, international travelers bound for the United States must show negative coronavirus test results before boarding their flights. Here’s what you need to know. 1/2021 Unfriendly Skies: COVID-19 Transmission on a Plane - High above the clouds, small study finds airborne transmission might be possible 8/2020 United Airlines said it was just PR. The CDC says airlines are full of it
Thinking of recommencing business travel? The CDC would like you to consider that airlines may not be the greatest purveyors of Covid-related science. 4/2021 What you need to know about air quality in aviation
Bars/Coffee Shops/Restaurants
Adjusted odds ratio (aOR)* and 95% confidence intervals for community exposures associated with confirmed COVID-19 among symptomatic adults aged ≥18 years (N = 314) - United States, July 1-29, 2020
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6936a5.htm
Graphic source: https://time.com/5867751/bars-covid/
Community Mitigation
Confirmed COVID-19 cases, associated hospitalizations, and deaths reported to Delaware Division of Public Health, by week, and COVID-19 mitigation efforts -Delaware Department of Health and Social Services, March 9-June 15, 2020 (MMWR)
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6945e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/927860
Concert Venues
Back to Table of Contents
Congregate Facilities
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6937e3.htm
Back to Table of Contents
Correctional and Detention Facilities
Graphic source: https://earthsky.org/human-world/epidemiologist-explains-cdc-guidance-15-minutes-covid19-exposure
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/21895/covid-in-prison-system/
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/22029/number-of-covid-19-cases-in-the-following-locations/
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/21895/covid-in-prison-system/
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6919e1.htm
Cruise Ships
Essential Workers
Fitness Industry
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7009e2.htm
Back to Table of Contents
Health Care Facilities: Long-term Care, Outpatient & Skilled Nursing Facilities Guidance
Graphic source: Chris R, RN
Graphic source: AHCA/NCAL
Graphic source: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/patterns-in-covid-19-cases-and-deaths-in-long-term-care-facilities-in-2020/ M
Graphic source: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/patterns-in-covid-19-cases-and-deaths-in-long-term-care-facilities-in-2020/ M
Graphic source: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/patterns-in-covid-19-cases-and-deaths-in-long-term-care-facilities-in-2020/ M
Weekly Confirmed COVID-19 Cases and Deaths among U.S. Nursing Home Residents and Staff, as Reported by Medicare- and Medicaid-Certified Nursing Homes, Weeks Ending May 31, 2020 through October 4, 2020
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-21-191/#Highlights
Graphic source: https://www.ahcancal.org/News/news_releases/Pages/DATA-Nursing-Homes-See-Spike-in-New-COVID-Cases-Due-to-Community-Spread.aspx
Graphic source: https://www.ahcancal.org/News/news_releases/Pages/DATA-Nursing-Homes-See-Spike-in-New-COVID-Cases-Due-to-Community-Spread.aspx
Graphic source: https://www.ahcancal.org/News/news_releases/Pages/DATA-Nursing-Homes-See-Spike-in-New-COVID-Cases-Due-to-Community-Spread.aspx
Graphic source: https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/14/health/nursing-home-rise-in-covid-wellness/index.html
Graphic source: https://www.cms.gov/files/document/covid-nursing-home-reporting-numbers-5-31-20.pdf
Graphic source: https://time.com/5843260/assisted-living-facilities-covid-19/
America's Assisted Living Residents Are Falling Through the Cracks of COVID-19 Response, Families Say 5/2020 Clean Hands: Combat COVID-19 Closely Monitor Residents for #COVID19 CMS Warns of COVID-19 Spike in Nursing Homes; One or two cases in a home can spread to half of its residents in a "matter of hours," CMS chief says 8/2020
Community and Close Contact Exposures Associated with COVID-19 Among Symptomatic Adults ≥18 Years in 11 Outpatient Health Care Facilities — United States, July 2020 MMWR 9/2020 COVID-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility - King County, Washington, February 27-March 9, 2020 3/2020 COVID-19 toll in nursing homes linked to staffing levels and quality 6/2020 43% of U.S. Coronavirus Deaths Are Linked to Nursing Homes 6/2020 How to Improve and Protect Nursing Homes From Outbreaks 5/2020 Interim Healthcare Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients Under Investigation for 2019-nCoV 1/2020 Keep COVID-19 Out Key Strategies to Prepare for COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN): LTCF COVID-19 Module 6/2020 Mortality, Admissions, and Patient Census at SNFs in 3 US Cities During the COVID-19 Pandemic 6/2020 Nursing Homes See Spike in New COVID Cases Due to Community Spread 8/2020 Patterns in COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Long-Term Care Facilities in 2020 1/2021 Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff Members - Chicago, Illinois, December 2020-March 2021 4/2021 MMWR Rates of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff Members in Nursing Homes - United States, May 25–November 22, 2020 1/2021 REPORT: Nursing Homes See Spike in New COVID Cases Due to Community Spread in Sun Belt States UPDATED AUGUST 17, 2020 Sparkling Surfaces: Stop COVID-19's Spread Special Report - Infection Control Surveys at Nursing Facilities Reported Released by CMS in July 2020: Few Deficiencies, Most Called "No Harm" 7/2020
Suspected Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Residents of a Skilled Nursing Facility During a Second COVID-19 Outbreak - Kentucky, July-November 2020 2/2021 MMWR Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Correctly for COVID-19
Manufacturing. Mining and Meat Processing Plant Guidance
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6931a2.htm
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/CDCgov/status/1280551663938555910
Mental Health Guidance
Personal Care Services
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6928e2.htm
Back to Table of Contents
Schools & Colleges
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/bettycjung/status/1424391886815498246
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/K-12-contact-tracing.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/K-12-contact-tracing.html
Graphic source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7e8t-Rzv0I
Graphic source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7e8t-Rzv0I
Graphic source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7e8t-Rzv0I
Graphic source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7e8t-Rzv0I
Graphic source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7e8t-Rzv0I
Graphic source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7e8t-Rzv0I
July 9, 2021 CDC School Guidance
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/k-12-guidance.html
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7014a5.htm
Graphic source: CDC
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7004e3.htm
Graphic source: https://www.medicalcenter.virginia.edu/population-health/counselors-corner/covid-19-mental-health-stress-management-resources
Graphic source: https://patch.com/connecticut/across-ct/lamont-issues-new-guidelines-when-schools-should-open
Graphic source: https://apnews.com/b133f482b2eba88f8bd733e2d15d13ae
Graphic source: https://apnews.com/b133f482b2eba88f8bd733e2d15d13ae
Graphic source: https://www.kff.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/WEB-Who-is-at-Risk-of-Coronavirus-Teachers-Seniors_1-2.png
Graphic source: https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2020/07/schools-should-prioritize-reopening-in-fall-2020-especially-for-grades-k-5-while-weighing-risks-and-benefits
Graphic source: https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/axios-ipsos-coronavirus-index
CDC and Other Guidance for Reopening Schools
Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention in Kindergarten (K)-12 Schools CDC.gov 7/2021 CDC's Operational Strategy for K-12 Schools through Phased Mitigation 2/2021 C.D.C. Draws Up a Blueprint for Reopening Schools-Amid an acrid national controversy, the agency proposed detailed criteria for returning students to classrooms. 2/2021 Clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Elementary School Educators and Students in One School District - Georgia, December 2020-January 2021 2/2021 MMWR College and University COVID-19 Student Testing Protocols, by Mode of Instruction (N = 1,849) - United States, Spring 2021 4/2021 MMWR Considerations for Schools - Operating Schools During COVID-19
COVID-19 Cases and Transmission in 17 K-12 Schools - Wood County, Wisconsin, August 31-November 29, 2020 1/2021 MMWR COVID-19 in Primary and Secondary School Settings During the First Semester of School Reopening - Florida, August-December 2020 3/2021 MMWR COVID-19 Resources for School Administrators, Staff, and Educators PHCC.org Guidance for Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) 7/2021 Schools and Childcare Programs CDC guidance Back to School Planning: Checklists to Guide Parents, Guardians, and Caregivers Lamont Issues New Guidelines On When Schools Should Open 8/2020 Preparing K-12 School Administrators for a Safe Return to School in Fall 2020 School Decision-Making Tool for Parents, Caregivers, and Guardians CDC.gov SCHOOL REOPENING GUIDANCE FOR FAMILIES AND TEACHERS Endcoronavirus.org Toolkit for Responding to COVID-19 Cases CDC.gov 9/2021 Transitioning from CDC's Indicators for Dynamic School Decision-Making (released September 15, 2020) to CDC's Operational Strategy for K-12 Schools through Phased Mitigation (released February 12, 2021) to Reduce COVID-19 2/2021
General Info
A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of the role of schools in the SARS-CoV-2 second wave in Italy Lancet.com
A Doctor's Take On Five Ways Schools Can Keep Your Kids Safe 7/2020 After Reopening Schools, Israel Orders Them To Shut If COVID-19 Cases Are Discovered 6/2020
AP-NORC poll: Very few Americans back full school reopening 7/2020 As Trump Demanded Schools Reopen, His Experts Warned of Highest Risk 7/2020 'Big Mess' Looms if Schools Don't Get Billions to Reopen Safely 7/2020 Characteristics of Public and Private Elementary and Secondary School Teachers in the United States:
4/2020 Community Interventions and Critical Populations Task Force CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response CRAFT Schools Briefing Packet July 8, 2020 Coronavirus prompts closing of Georgia high school in district with over 1K in quarantine. "We know all parents do not believe the scientific research that indicates masks are beneficial," said the district chief where over 1,100 students and staff are in quarantine. 8/2020 COVID-19 and student learning in the United States: The hurt could last a lifetime 6/2020 COVID-19 increased anxiety, depression for already stressed college students
Study shows unprecedented increase in mental health challenges among undergraduates 7/2020 COVID-19 Planning Considerations: Guidance for School Re-entry 6/2020 Considerations for Schools How to Safely Reopen Colleges and Universities During COVID-19: Experiences From Taiwan 7/2020 Hybrid schooling could be a public health disaster, some doctors warn 8/2020 Mandatory masking in schools reduced COVID-19 cases 3/2022 More Than 3 Million People Age 65 or Older Live with School-Age Children, and Could Be at Heightened Risk of COVID-19 Infection if Children Bring the Virus Home from School 7/2020 Michigan State And Notre Dame Suspend In-Person Learning Over COVID-19 Concerns 8/2020 Most Big School Districts Aren't Ready to Reopen. Here's Why. 7/2020 Older Children Spread the Coronavirus Just as Much as Adults, Large Study Finds 7/2020. The study of nearly 65,000 people in South Korea suggests that school reopenings will trigger more outbreaks. Opening of Large Institutions of Higher Education and County-Level COVID-19 Incidence - United States, July 6–September 17, 2020 1/2021 Research Shows Students Falling Months Behind During Virus Disruptions 6/2020 School openings across globe suggest ways to keep coronavirus at bay, despite outbreaks 7/2020 Schools Should Prioritize Reopening in Fall 2020, Especially for Grades K-5, While Weighing Risks and Benefits 7/2020 The Challenges of Going Back to School 8/2020 The key lesson from school openings abroad: Contain the virus; If schools in America do reopen, other countries have some best practices worth adopting. 7/2020 The Risk Of Severe COVID-19 Within Households Of School Employees And School-Age Children 9/2020
The Risk That Students Could Arrive at School With the Coronavirus. As schools grapple with how to reopen, new estimates show that large parts of the country would likely see infected students if classrooms opened now. 7/2020 Thousands of students, staff sent home nationwide as COVID snarls school reopenings. Only 17 states meet the WHO's criteria for safely reopening a community. 8/2020 Tracking Coronavirus Cases at U.S. Colleges and Universities 8/2020 Ventilation in Schools and Childcare Programs. How to use CDC building recommendations in your setting 3/2021 CDC.gov What Evidence Is Aiding School Reopening Decisions? 7/2020. Weighing risks of COVID-19 in children versus the benefits of having kids in the classroom When Covid Subsided, Israel Reopened Its Schools. It Didn't Go Well As countries consider back-to-school strategies for the fall, a coronavirus outbreak at a Jerusalem high school offers a cautionary tale. 8/2020 Why a Pediatric Group Is Pushing to Reopen Schools This Fall 7/2020
Transportation
Ventilation/Air Conditioning
Graphic source: https://news.engr.psu.edu/2021/rim-donghyun-viral-aerosol-exposure.aspx
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/Improving-Ventilation-Home.html
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/advanced-electronics/our-insights/can-hvac-systems-help-prevent-transmission-of-covid-19
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/advanced-electronics/our-insights/can-hvac-systems-help-prevent-transmission-of-covid-19
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/advanced-electronics/our-insights/can-hvac-systems-help-prevent-transmission-of-covid-19
Graphic source: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/advanced-electronics/our-insights/can-hvac-systems-help-prevent-transmission-of-covid-19
FACT SHEET: Biden Administration Launches Effort to Improve Ventilation and Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 in Buildings 3/2022 Clean Air in Buildings Challenge. Guidance to Help Building Owners and Operators Improve Indoor Air Quality and Protect Public Health 3/2022 EPA.gov American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) EPIDEMIC TASK FORCE Core Recommendations for Reducing Airborne Infectious Aerosol Exposure 10/2021 Better ventilation would create a healthier workplace — but companies have to invest 4/2022
COVID Clean-Air 1-pager 8/2022 COVID-19 Resources ACGIH—American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists A Breath of Virus-Free Air
- Advanced air purification can reduce hospital-acquired infections 11/2021 Call for 'paradigm shift' to fight airborne spread of COVID-19 indoors 5/2021 Can HVAC systems help prevent transmission of COVID-19? 7/2020 Can you get COVID-19 through the ventilation in your home? 5/2020 Does air conditioning spread the coronavirus? 6/2020. The question comes as states are allowing indoor businesses to reopen, as well as allowing increasingly large gatherings of people. EPA's Guide to Air Cleaners in the Home
FACT SHEET: DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES COMMIT TO CLEANER INDOOR AIR ACROSS THE NATION via @whitehouse 12/2022 Filtration and Disinfection Improving Ventilation in Your Home CDC.gov Minimum Air Changes Per Hour (ACH) recommended for reducing COVID across 50 states. 7/2022 NIST Airflow Model Could Help Reduce Indoor Exposure to Aerosols Carrying Coronavirus 6/2020 Physical distance may not be enough to prevent viral aerosol exposure indoors. Architectural engineering team investigated the effects of physical distancing, building ventilation as control strategies 9/2021 Penn State Poorly Circulated Room Air Raises Potential Exposure to Contaminants by up to 6 Times. Berkeley Lab experiments quantify the effects of overhead heating on room air mixing with implications for COVID-safe meetings and classrooms 9/2021 Q&A: Do air conditioning and ventilation systems increase the risk of virus transmission? If so, how can this be managed? Q&A: Ventilation and air conditioning and COVID-19 WHO.int 7/2020 Q&A: Ventilation and air conditioning in health facilities and COVID-19 WHO.int 7/2020 Q&A: Ventilation and air conditioning in public spaces and buildings and COVID-19 WHO.int 7/2020
Efficacy of Portable Air Cleaners and Masking for Reducing Indoor Exposure to Simulated Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols — United States, 2021 7/2021 MMWR How Clean Is the Air on Planes?
Apprehension about aircraft cabin air is common during flu season. Here's what to know. 9/2022
Mask Use and Ventilation Improvements to Reduce COVID-19 Incidence in Elementary Schools — Georgia, November 16–December 11, 2020 5/2021 MMWR Reducing SARS-CoV-2 in Shared Indoor Air 6/2022 JAMA Network
Upper-Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) 4/2021 Ventilation for Industrial Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic 7/2021 Ventilation Improvement Strategies Among K–12 Public Schools -The National School COVID-19 Prevention Study, United States, February 14-March 27, 2022 6/2022 MMWR Your Hot-Weather Guide to Coronavirus, Air-Conditioning and Airflow. Indoor air is riskier than outdoor air. So what do you do if it's really hot out? 8/2020
Youth-based Activities
Back to Table of Contents
Medical Management Treatment Guidelines
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2760782
COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines (4/21/2020)
Graphic source: https://covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/
Graphic source: https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2020/4/8/21207269/covid-19-coronavirus-risk-factors
Back to Table of Contents
Medical Management - General Information
Graphic source: https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/928177
Graphic source; https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1182
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus
Graphic source: What You Should Know Before You Need a Ventilator https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/opinion/coronavirus-ventilators.html
Graphic source: https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/ppt/2020/Final_COCA_Call_Slides_04_17_2020.pdf
Graphic source: https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/ppt/2020/Final_COCA_Call_Slides_04_17_2020.pdf
Back to Table of Contents
Health Services
VIDEO
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-risk-assesment-hcp.html
The Sound of COVID-19 in the ICEU
Map source: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/delta-variant-unvaccinated-and-vaccinated-people-are-not-in-the-same-ballpark-in-terms-of-risk-141843308.html
Graphic source: https://sccm.org/Blog/March-2020/United-States-Resource-Availability-for-COVID-19
Graphic source: https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/ppt/2020/Final_COCA_Call_Slides_04_17_2020.pdf
Back to Table of Contents
Healthcare Provider Protection
Graphic source: https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/imm/covid-19-providers-dear-colleague-updates.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/A_FS_HCP_COVID19_PPE.pdf
Graphic source: https://smartairfilters.com/en/blog/whats-the-difference-between-n95-and-kn95-masks/
Back to Table of Contents
General Medical Issues
Graphic source; https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2768391
Bioethics
Co-infections
COVID-19 in Children
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7141a2.htm
Graphic source: https://twitter.com/bettycjung/status/1555724648159002626
Acute Hepatitis in Children linked to SARS-CoV-2 superantigen
Graphic source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(22)00166-2/fulltext
Graphic source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(22)00166-2/fulltext
Graphic source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(22)00166-2/fulltext
Graphic source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(22)00166-2/fulltext
Graphic source: https://www.statista.com/chart/22537/covid-among-american-children/
The proposed definition of Long COVID for children reads:
“Post-COVID-19 condition occurs in young people with a history of confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection, with at least one persisting physical symptom for a minimum duration of 12 weeks after initial testing that cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. The symptoms have an impact on everyday functioning, may continue or develop after COVID-19 infection, and may fluctuate or relapse over time.”
Adverse Childhood Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associations with Poor Mental Health and Suicidal Behaviors Among High School Students -Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, United States, January-June 2021 10/2022 MMWR Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Conditions Among Children and Adolescents - United States, March 1, 2020-January 31, 2022 8/2022 MMWR Advice for parents during coronavirus CDC: More Clots, Kidney Failure in Kids After COVID - Post-COVID symptoms run the gamut for kids and teens 8/2022 COVID in Newborns Linked With Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk- Indonesian study of infants born to COVID-positive mothers also found associations with asphyxia 5/2022 CDC: Don't Overlook Kids' AFM Symptoms in the Middle of COVID; Early reporting, follow-up critical as season for mysterious paralytic syndrome approaches 8/2020 Children face risk for severe complications and death from COVID-19. Most of the children admitted to pediatric intensive care units had underlying conditions 5/2020 Clinical Characteristics and Viral RNA Detection in Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea 8/2020 Confirmed: Kids Can Get Severe COVID-19, Like in adults, comorbidities a major risk factor 5/2020 Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children; United States, February 12-April 2, 2020 4/2020 MMWR Coronavirus Mystery: Are Kids Less Likely To Catch It Than Adults Are? 6/2020 COVID-19 and children: Doctors see link between virus and neurological side effects. Emerging research highlights a connection between COVID-19 and significant neurological effects in young brains. 8/2020 COVID-19 (coronavirus) in babies and children 10/2020 COVID-19 May Raise Risk of Diabetes in Children 1/2022 COVID-19: Severity and Characteristics In the Young 8/2020 COVID-19: Kids' Noses May Carry More Virus Than Adults' But whether they spread disease is another question 7/2020 COVID-19 may be tied to rare syndrome in children, UK doctors warn 4/2020 COVID-19 May Cause Severe Heart Condition in Kids 4/2020 COVID-19 May Trigger Rare Complication In Children 5/2020 COVID Virus Linked with Headaches, Altered Mental Status in Hospitalized Kids 1/2022 Diagnosis and Management of Myocarditis in Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association 7/2021 Doctors are more worried about Covid than flu when it comes to children. The Covid pandemic has been starkly different than the flu, doctors say. And that was before the delta variant swept through the country. 8/2021 Infants With COVID-19 Tend to Have Mild Illness, Fever Primary Symptom
6/2020 CDC: Kids Catch Coronavirus and Give It to Their Parents; So much for kids get COVID, but they don't spread it 9/2020 Lung, immune function in kids could protect from severe COVID-19 7/2020 More than half a million children in the U.S. have had COVID-19. The new data are a "chilling reminder" to take the coronavirus seriously, one expert said. 9/2020 CDC: Most Kids Dying From Coronavirus Had Underlying Conditions - Enormous racial-ethnic disparities revealed as well 9/2020 Myocarditis a Common Long COVID Condition in Kids - ICU care during infection, young age, complex chronic conditions all linked with PASC 8/2022 Not all children are spared from coronavirus 3/2020 Obesity, race play roles in severe COVID-19 illness among kids. As of July 31, more than 338,000 children in the U.S. have been diagnosed with COVID-19. 8/2020 Pediatrics and COVID-19 9/2020 Researchers agree on first formal definition of long COVID in children. International experts hope the new definition will facilitate more reliable research. 2/2022 Risk for Newly Diagnosed Diabetes >30 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Persons Aged <18 Years - United States, March 1, 2020-June 28, 2021 1/2022 MMWR Severe acute hepatitis in children: investigate SARS-CoV-2 superantigens Lancet.com 5/2022 Sexual Dysfunction, Hair Loss Among Long COVID Symptoms - Wider range of post-COVID symptoms emerge than previously thought 7/2022 Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Viral Shedding in Pediatric Patients Infected With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Under the Surface 8/2020 The virus can sicken children in very different ways, a new study finds. 2/2021 Viruses are the most common cause of myocarditis in children, experts offer guidance
American Heart Association Scientific Statement 7/2021 What We Know About COVID-19 and Kids 7/2020 What We Know About COVID-19's Effects on Child and Maternal Health 7/2020
COVID-19 in Young Adults
COVID-19 in the Elderly
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777684
Anticoagulation & Hematological Issues
Graphic source: https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiol.2020201629
Auditory Issues
Autoimmune Disease Issues
Cancer Issues
Cardiovascular Issues
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7114e1.htm
Graphic source: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1067/6128749
Graphic source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/09/23/science.abe2813
Graphic source: https://www.onlinejacc.org/content/accj/early/2020/07/01/j.jacc.2020.06.068.full.pdf
Antivirals Tied to Heart Issue in COVID Patients 7/2020 Apparent risks of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome diagnoses after COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-Cov-2 Infection 12/2022 As COVID-19 cases increase, preventing a second heart attack or stroke is vital As many as 1 in 5 COVID-19 patients experience life-threatening heart complications. Here's why 5/2020 Association Between COVID-19 and Myocarditis Using Hospital-Based Administrative Data - United States, March 2020-January 2021 8/2021 MMWR
Association of COVID-19 with short- and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a prospective cohort in UK Biobank 1/2023 Cardiac arrest in COVID-19: characteristics and outcomes of in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A report from the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 2/2021 Cardiac Complications After SARS-CoV-2 Infection and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination — PCORnet, United States, January 2021–January 2022 4/2022 MMWR Cardiac Echoes Reveal COVID's Toll on the Heart - -Retrospective study suggests utility of TTE in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and myocardial injury 11/2020 Cardiac Troponin for the Diagnosis and Risk-Stratification of Myocardial Injury in COVID-19: JACC Review 7/2020 Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 3/2020 JAMA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Coronary Vascular Thrombosis. Correlation with Neutrophil but Not Endothelial Activation 9/2021 COVID and the Heart: It Spares No One 3/2022 COVID Attacks DNA in Heart, Unlike Flu, Study Says 9/2022 COVID-19: Are There Far-Reaching Cardiac Complications? 11/2020 COVID-19 Associated With Some Components of Myocardial Injury-Research raises possibility of direct viral infection of the heart 8/2020 COVID-19 can affect the heart 9/2020 COVID-19 Can Damage Hearts of Some College Athletes 10/2020 COVID-19 linked to cardiac injury, worse outcomes for patients with heart conditions 3/2020 COVID-19 linked to greater risk of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and bleeding events long after recovery 4/2022 COVID-19 linked to heart damage in healthy people, small study suggests 8/2020 COVID-19 Linked to Late Stent Thrombosis? 7/2020. Case report bolsters case for antithrombotic therapy COVID-19 May Plant Seeds of HF, Cardiomyopathy; Studies raise concern of chronic CV complications post-pandemic 7/2020 COVID-19 Myocardial Pathology Evaluation in Athletes with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (COMPETE CMR) 12/2020 COVID-19 takes serious toll on heart health—a full year after recovery. Giant study shows striking rise in long-term heart and vessel disease 2/2022 CPR Amidst COVID-19 Outbreak: What You Need To Know 4/2020 Diagnosis and Management of Myocarditis in Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association 7/2021 Guidance on treating COVID-19 patients with signs of acute heart attack 4/2020 Heart attacks on dramatic rise for 25-44 age group 1/2023 Heart-disease risk soars after COVID — even with a mild case. Massive study shows a long-term, substantial rise in risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke, after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. 2/2022 Heart Patients Need to Be Wary of Coronavirus 4/2020 International study finds heart inflammation rare among people hospitalized with COVID-19 4/2022 Is COVID-19 an Independent Risk Factor for Heart Attack and Stroke? 8/2021 Medical Condition-More evidence for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) (after SARS-CoV-2 infection is helping to raise awareness) 6/2021
Mild COVID-19 infections not associated with long-term risk of heart damage 11/2021 Myocardial Injury Common in COVID-19 - Troponin elevations largely mild, but still linked to death in NYC hospitals 4/2020 Myocarditis risk higher after COVID-19 infection than after vaccination, new study of 43 million patients confirms 8/2022 New evidence that heart damage risk is much higher after COVID-19 infection than after vaccination 10/2022 New Study Highlights Cardiac Risk With COVID-19 1/2021 NYC Case Series Describes Clinical Features of ST-Segment Elevation and COVID-19 5/2020. ST-segment elevations not always tied to obstructive coronary artery disease NYC Study: Myocardial Injury Is Common in COVID-19, Tied to Mortality Risk 5/2020. Hazard ratio was 3.23 for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with troponin levels over 0.09 ng/mL Post-COVID Heart Problems Are Real, Despite Study Corrections; — Conclusions still stand, group says after fixing a raft of data errors 8/2020 Prospective Case-Control Study of Cardiovascular Abnormalities 6 Months Following Mild COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers 11/2021 Relationship Between Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease and Death and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 10/2022 Right Heart Problems Spell Trouble for COVID-19 Patients 5/2020. Portable echocardiography may help identify patients at highest risk SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial injury: Few answers, many questions 2/2021
Signs of Lingering Cardiac Dysfunction After Severe COVID - Study included people hospitalized before vaccines were available 1/2022 Small study links prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with coronary vasomotor dysfunction 10/2022 The COVID Heart—One Year After SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Patients Have an Array of Increased Cardiovascular Risks 3/2022 JAMA The heart: Before, during and after COVID-19. COVID-19 can not only exacerbate existing heart problems, but cause new ones 7/2020 The Real Reason Post-COVID Myocarditis Is a Worry 9/2020 Transcriptomic profiling of cardiac tissues from SARS-CoV-2 patients identifies DNA damage 9/2022 Why does COVID-19 damage vascular beds? 1/2023
Chemosensory Issues
Dermatology Issues
Donor Organ Issues
Endocrine/Exocrine; Diabetes and Blood Sugar Issues
Drug Issues
Twelve-month provisional drug overdose death counts for all drugs, synthetic opioids, cocaine, and psychostimulants, for 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City: 12-months ending in June 2019 to 12-months ending in May 2020
Graphic source: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00438.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_1026-DM45245&ACSTrackingLabel=December%202020%20Drug%20Overdose%20Update
: Percentage change in 12-months ending provisional data on all fatal drug overdoses, 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City: Overdose deaths from 12-months ending in June 2019 to 12-months ending in May 2020
Map source: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00438.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_1026-DM45245
Percentage change in 12-months ending provisional count of fatal overdoses involving synthetic opioids, 36 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City: Deaths from 12-months ending in June 2019 to 12-months ending in May 2020
Map source: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00438.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_1026-DM45245
Ear Issues
Endocrine System
Environmental Issues
Eye Issues
Gastrointestinal Issues
Hair Loss
Immune System/Immunocompromised
Kidney Dialysis and Renal Issues
Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 (ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2).
Graphic source: https://www.ccjm.org/content/87/10/619
Liver Issues Back to Table of Contents
Men's Health Issues "About 18 percent of men reported sexual dysfunction; some 13 percent experienced pain in their testicles; 8 percent noted other sex organ issues; and about 4 percent of men had a decrease in the size of their penis or testicles." (Source:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/covid-19-may-impair-mens-sexual-performance)
Mental Health Issues
Back to Table of Contents
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Associated with COVID-19 (MIS-A),
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C), previously known as Pediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome (PMIS, or MIS-C)
Graphic source: https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/fulltext/S0966-842X(20)30265-1
Graphic source: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00432.asp
ACR Outlines Best Practices for Kids With MIS-C, Guidance on cardiac management, preventing clotting in COVID-associated syndrome 6/2020 A rare Covid-19 complication was reported in children. Now, it's showing up in adults. "This needs to be in the forefront of every intensive care unit physician's mind," said one expert. 10/2020 Cardiologists share the latest details on COVID-related MIS-C 1/2023 Characteristics, Outcomes, and Severity Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children in the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative 2/2022
Clinical Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 7/2020 Clinical Guidance for Pediatric Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Hyperinflammation in COVID-19 6/2020 Draft Document COVID-19: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Pediatrics 7/2020 Let's Talk About MIS-C - Raising awareness of this condition, especially among the parents of our patients, is key 12/2021 The Mystery of MIS-C Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection 10/2020 Updated Reporting Requirements for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 (Formerly Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome) 5/2020 64 NY Children Sick With Rare COVID-Related Illness, State Finds; Here Are the Warning Signs 5/2020 A New Coronavirus Threat to Children 5/2020 Children Are Falling Ill With a Baffling Ailment Related to Covid-19 5/2020 Children are falling ill with perplexing inflammatory syndrome thought to be linked to covid-19 5/2020 COVID-19: Alert Over Multisystem Hyperinflammatory State in Children 4/2020 COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children; United States, March-July 2020 MMWR 8/2020
Derm Symptoms Signal MIS-C in Kids - Case series shows mucocutaneous findings in most children 12/2020 GI Symptoms Are a Major Presentation Component of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children 6/2020 Guidance: Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health Kawasaki Disease From COVID-19 in Kids: How Common? Warnings out on inflammatory syndrome but many questions remain 5/2020 Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study 6/2020 Kids' Brains Affected by COVID-Linked Inflammatory Syndrome; Central and peripheral nervous system symptoms also reported 7/2020 Kids' COVID-Linked Ailment Is Not Your Typical Kawasaki Disease. A number of differences emerging, but U.S. data still scant 5/2020 Kids with Kawasaki disease symptoms possibly linked to COVID-19; coronavirus infection leading to critical illness in children remains very infrequent 5/2020 MIS-C Appears to Target Kids' Hearts and More 7/2020 MIS-C: Tip of the Iceberg for Kids' COVID Inflammation? Surveillance data affirm profile of the syndrome, but there may be more to it 6/2020 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) 5/2020 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CDC.gov 5/2020 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to COVID-19 in Previously Healthy Children and Adolescents in New York City 7/2020 New Inflammatory Condition in Children Probably Linked to Coronavirus, Study Finds 5/2020 Rare COVID-19 response in children explained 5/2021 Smoking Gun Found for Virus in MIS-C Heart Damage Case. First case report documenting viral particles in the heart in MIS-C 8/2020 Studies Examine Link Between COVID-19 and MIS-C in Kids 7/2020 Children meeting MIS-C diagnostic criteria may be "tip of the iceberg," expert suggests Targeting Immune Responses in Kids' COVID-19 Inflammatory Disorder - IVIG, steroids, biologics all tried, with suggestions of success 5/2020 Top NYC Pediatrician Warns of Alarming New Information About COVID-19 and Kids 5/2020 What Are the Long-Term Outcomes of Kids With MIS-C After COVID-19? 10/2021 What Is MIS-C? 3/2021 Which Kids Are More Likely to Develop MIS-C? - Large U.S. pediatric cohort examined variables that contribute to higher risk 2/2022
Men's Issues
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-022-00540-0
Neurological Issues
80% of COVID patients develop neurological problems 6/2021 80% of COVID Patients Have Neurological Symptoms 10/2020 Acute Brain Dysfunction Prolonged in COVID-19 ICU Patients- 'COVID in the ICU is like a delirium factory' 1/2021
Autopsies Show COVID-19 in the Brain
— What this means for neurologic COVID symptoms remains elusive 12/2022 Bell's Palsy, Other Rare Events Not Linked With COVID-19 Vaccines
— Immune-mediated neurologic events increased after COVID infection, but not after vaccination 3/2022 Blood Markers of Brain Damage Are Higher Over Short Term in Patients Who Have COVID-19 Than in People Who Have Alzheimer’s Disease 1/2022 Brain Fog After COVID-19 May Last Longer Than We Think Relatively young people wrestle with cognitive dysfunction for months 10/2021 Brain Injury Biomarkers Elevated in Hospitalized COVID Patients - Some markers reach levels seen in dementia patients 1/2022
Brain shrinkage linked to COVID-19 - A huge study linked COVID-19 to brain atrophy and damage. 3/2022 Coronavirus does not infect the brain but still inflicts damage, study finds 4/2021 COVID-19-associated seizures may be common, linked to higher risk of death. Study examines the prevalence and risk factors for nonconvulsive seizures among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 3/2021 COVID Brain Problems May Stem From Attack on Endothelial Cells 7/2022 COVID Deaths Higher With Neuro Syndromes in Hospitalized Patients - Encephalopathy, coma most prevalent neurologic manifestations 4/2021 COVID-19 is making tinnitus worse, new study finds. New research also indicates that hearing loss could be 'long COVID' symptom 11/2020 COVID-19 Neurological Symptoms Emerging in Most Patients 10/2020 COVID on the Brain: Neuropsych Diagnoses Common Within 6 Months of Infection; Many patients had no prior history 4/2021 Covid-19: One in three has neurological or psychiatric condition diagnosed after covid infection, study finds 4/2021 COVID-19: Post-Mortem MRI Shows Microvascular Brain Injury - However, there was no evidence of direct viral attack on the brain 1/2021 COVID-19 virus enters the brain, research strongly suggests. A new study shows how spike protein crosses the blood-brain barrier 12/2020 COVID Can Cause Forgetfulness, Psychosis, Mania or a Stutter. The virus induces neurological symptoms that persist long after the pandemic ends 1/2021 Delirium May Be Initial COVID-19 Symptom in Older Adults - Should be included in CDC's symptom profiles, researchers suggest 12/2020 Doctors Worry That Memory Problems After COVID-19 May Set The Stage For Alzheimer's 7/2021
Dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types in severe COVID-19 6/2021 Exercise as a Moderator of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms of COVID-19 3/2022 From blood clots to infected neurons, how COVID threatens the brain 12/2021 Incidence of Epilepsy and Seizures Over the First 6 Months After a COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study 11/2022 ‘Inflammasome’ pathway links COVID and Parkinson’s 11/2022 Large Study Finds High Burden of Acute Brain Dysfunction in Severe COVID-19. 82% of patients were comatose for median of 10 days and 55% showed delirium for median of 3 days 1/2021 Long-Term Neurologic Problems Rise by 7% After SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Movement disorders, memory problems, strokes, and seizures emerge, regardless of age 9/2022 < More Proof COVID Severely Affects the Brain 6/2021
Nearly One-Third of Covid Patients in Study Had Altered Mental State 10/2020 Neurobiology of COVID-19 5/2020 Brain Affected in 1 in 3 Cases of Severe COVID-19 4/2020 Brain MRI Findings in Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study 6/2020 Can Covid Damage the Brain? 6/2020 Guillain-Barre Linked to COVID-19 in Italy Five patients developed GBS following COVID-19 infection 4/2020 How "COVID fatigue" clouds judgment and endangers public health 9/2020 ICUs become a 'delirium factory' for Covid-19 patients 6/2020 Imaging Study Identifies the Most Frequent Neuroimaging Features of Patients With COVID-19 6/2020 Most Hospitalized COVID Patients Have Neurologic Symptoms; Severe complications seen in all stages of COVID-19, including recovery 6/2020 Neurologic complications of COVID-19 12/2020 Cleveland Clinic Neurologic findings among inpatients with COVID-19 at a safety-net US hospital 12/2020 New-Onset Brain Complications in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients; Altered mental states more common in young patients than expected 6/2020
New-Onset Neuro Symptoms Common in Kids With MIS-C - Half of pediatric patients in small British study show neurologic involvement 4/2021
SARS-CoV-2 Matter Found in Autopsied Brain Tissue; But neuropathological changes are likely immune-mediated, findings suggest 10/2020 Seizures and COVID-19 - Italian case suggests breakthrough seizures may indicate infection 4/2020 Severe COVID-19 may cause similar cognitive deficits as 20 years of aging. Severe infection was linked to lasting deficits. 5/2022 Some Coronavirus Patients Show Signs of Brain Ailments 4/2020 Some COVID Patients Develop Guillain-Barre 4/2020 Study identifies how COVID-19 linked to Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive impairment 6/2021 Surprise Find in COVID-19 Brain Capillaries - Could this contribute to COVID brain fog? 2/2021 The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings 7/2020 The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings 7/2020 'They Want to Kill Me': Many Covid Patients Have Terrifying Delirium 6/2020. Paranoid hallucinations plague many coronavirus patients in I.C.U.s, an experience that can slow recovery and increase risk of depression and cognitive issues. Thinning, Leaky Brain Blood Vessels Seen in COVID-19; High-resolution MRI shows injury and inflammation, but no direct viral attack 1/2021 Three Stages of Brain Impairment Caused by COVID-19 Identified 6/2020 Tulane study shows COVID-19’s lingering impacts on the brain 4/2022 U.K. Study Provides 'Snapshot' of COVID Brain Complications 7/2020. 49% of patients with altered mental status were under the age of 60 U.S. Guillain-Barre Case Linked to COVID-19 7/2020 Unlocking the Key to COVID-19 and the Brain - What we know, and don't know, about SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system 1/2022 What Does Covid-19 Do to Your Brain? 4/2020 Scientists are racing to figure out why some patients also develop neurological ailments like confusion, stroke, seizure, or loss of smell. What Is the Impact of COVID-19 on the Brain? 2/2021
Olfactory System
Psychiatric Issues
Reproductive and Sexual Issues
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6938e2.htm
Graphic Source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6925a1.htm
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Serious Maternal Morbidity and Mortality From Obstetric Complications Jamanetwork.com 2/2022
Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status; United States, January 22-June 7, 2020 MMWR 6/2020
Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019 5/2020 Coronavirus found in infected men's semen 5/2020 COVID-19 affects adolescent and young adults sexual and reproductive health 6/2020 COVID-19 Unlikely to Be Transferred From Expecting Mothers to Neonates Also, placental transfer of antibodies not as efficient as expected 1/2021 COVID Can Complicate Pregnancy If Mom Is Obese 5/2020 COVID-19 during pregnancy associated with preterm birth, study finds. People of color face disproportionate infection risk while pregnant 8/2021 COVID-19 Found in Semen -- What Does That Mean? Jury still out on implications for sexual transmission 5/2020 Does COVID Mess With the Menstrual Cycle? 6/2020. Women with COVID-19 report changes to their periods; estrogen's potential protective effects being investigated “God, No, Not Another Case.” COVID-Related Stillbirths Didn’t Have to Happen. 8/2022 Propublica Immune system, not COVID virus, may pose greatest risk to pregnant women 4/2021
More Than Half of Pregnant Women With COVID-19 Lacked Symptoms (CDC) 9/2020 Navigating pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic
How to best protect yourself and your baby. UNICEF Placental Tissue Destruction and Insufficiency from COVID-19 Causes Stillbirth and Neonatal Death from Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury: A Study of 68 Cases with SARS-CoV-2 Placentitis from 12 Countries 2/2022 Pregnant Women Face Increased Risks From Covid-19 11/2020 Pregnant women in third trimester unlikely to pass SARS-CoV-2 infection to newborns 12/2020 Pregnant women with COVID-19 face high mortality rate. Worldwide study also found that 11 percent of babies contracted the novel coronavirus from their mothers 4/2021
Report: COVID-19 Transmitted to Babies in Utero 7/2020. Italian researchers confirm two infections at birth Risk for Stillbirth Among Women With and Without COVID-19 at Delivery Hospitalization - United States, March 2020–September 2021 11/2021 MMWR SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Hospitalized Pregnant Women: Reasons for Admission and Pregnancy Characteristics - Eight U.S. Health Care Centers, March 1-May 30, 2020 9/2020 SARS-CoV-2 may cause fetal inflammation even in the absence of placental infection 1/2022 SARS-COV2 placentitis and pregnancy outcome: A multicentre experience during the Alpha and early Delta waves of coronavirus pandemic in England 4/2022 Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy associated with preterm birth, other complications 1/2021 Study of Coronavirus in Pregnant Women Finds Striking Racial Differences 7/2020 What Can Be Learned From COVID-19--Related Perinatal Deaths? 3/2022
Back to Table of Contents
Respiratory and Lung Issues
How COVID-19 sound like in the ICU
Tik Tok Video
Graphic source: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-lungs-scarring-smokers-lungs/
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2769872
Pseudostratified epithelium of the trachea showing goblet and ciliate cells.(prime target)
Graphic source:https://www.zmescience.com/science/cells-vulnerable-to-covid-identified-26243/
Graphic source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp2009575
250 days and counting: Waiting on new lungs after Covid. Just over 10 percent of lung transplants performed in the last year have been Covid-related. Prior to Covid, most of these transplants were needed because of chronic disease. 4/2022 After defeating the coronavirus, some patients suffer lung damage 3/2020 A Third of COVID-19 Patients Required Intubation in NYC. And almost 30% of those had no need for supplemental oxygen when arriving at the ED 4/2020 Autopsies Turn Up Strange Feature of COVID-19 Lungs. Study finds more thrombi and a new puzzle in the vessels 5/2020 Blood clots and lung injuries found in patients who have died of COVID-19 8/2020 Blood Vessels in Lungs Split in Response to COVID-19 5/2020
COVID-19 Lungs May Be More Likely to Leak 7/2020. Observational study suggests higher rate than in other causes of ARDS COVID Hypoxemia: Finally, an Explanation 9/2020 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in COVID-19: an international cohort study of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry 9.2020 Lancet.com More Data Suggest Proning Helps COVID-19 Patients; Observational data add to evidence of benefit in ARDS, though randomized trials still needed 6/2020 MuLBSTA Score for Viral Pneumonia Mortality 10/2020 Now is the perfect time to quit smoking: COVID-19 and smoking can be a killer combination 3/2020 Organ transplant patient dies after receiving Covid-infected lungs
First proven case in the U.S. in which the virus was transmitted via an organ transplant prompts calls for more thorough testing of donors. 2/2021 Permanent Nerve Damage for Some COVID-19 Survivors 9/2020 Post-COVID lungs worse than the worst smokers' lungs, surgeon says 1/2021 Prognostic Tool May Improve COVID-19 Management - MuLBSTA scores tied to clinical worsening, mortality 10/2020
Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 8/2020 Pulmonary Complications Common in Surgery Patients With COVID-19; Half had pneumonia, ARDS, or other complications in study 6/2020 Respiratory Parameters in Patients With COVID-19 After Using Noninvasive Ventilation in the Prone Position Outside the Intensive Care Unit 5/2020 Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China 3/2020 Special Report: As virus advances, doctors rethink rush to ventilate 4/2020 Study identifies potential approach to treat severe respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 6/2020 The Infection That's Silently Killing Coronavirus Patients 4/2020 Use of Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Patients With COVID-19 and Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure 5/2020 Ventilator/Ventilator Support; Also known as Mechanical Ventilator, Breathing Machine NIH.gov What Does COVID-19 Do to Your Lungs? What You Should Know Before You Need a Ventilator 4/2020 Why You Shouldn't Treat COVID-19 ARDS Like HAPE 5/2020 Wuhan study shows lying face down improves breathing in severe COVID-19 3/2020
Back to Table of Contents
Sequelae [AKA Long-Hauler Syndrome; Post-acute covid-19; post-COVID syndrome, also known as Long COVID; Post-Acute Sequelae of Covid-19 {PASC} by NIH ]
Hypothesized mechanisms of long COVID pathogenesis
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00846-2
Long COVID symptoms and the impacts on numerous organs with differing pathology.
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00846-2
Long COVID symptoms and the impacts on numerous organs with differing pathology.
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00846-2
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02116-3/figures/3
Graphic source: https://covid19.nih.gov/covid-19-topics/long-covid
Hazard ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) for long covid health outcomes 30-90 days after infection for unvaccinated versus vaccinated patients. Health outcomes that were significantly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072529
Early and Late Symptoms of Long Covid
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072529
Long Covid Symptoms, by Age Group
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072529
Graphic source:
https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2022-072117
Graphic source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)01214-4/fulltext
Graphic source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)01214-4/fulltext
Graphic source: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)01214-4/fulltext
Risk ratios for developing post-COVID conditions among adults aged 18-64 years and >/=65 years - United States, March 2020-November 2021
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7121e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7121e1.htm
Graphic source: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4099429
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-22-105666.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-22-105666.pdf
Science Behind Long Covid
Graphic source: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab914/6499078
Graphic source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-95565-8/figures/2
Graphic source: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1533546/A_Detailed_Study_of_Patients_with_Long_Haul_COVID__An_Analysis_of_Private_Health.pdf?p=pdf
Graphic source: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1533546/A_Detailed_Study_of_Patients_with_Long_Haul_COVID__An_Analysis_of_Private_Health.pdf?p=pdf
Graphic source: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1533546/A_Detailed_Study_of_Patients_with_Long_Haul_COVID__An_Analysis_of_Private_Health.pdf?p=pdf
Graphic source: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1533546/A_Detailed_Study_of_Patients_with_Long_Haul_COVID__An_Analysis_of_Private_Health.pdf?p=pdf
Graphic source: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1533546/A_Detailed_Study_of_Patients_with_Long_Haul_COVID__An_Analysis_of_Private_Health.pdf?p=pdf
Graphic source: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1533546/A_Detailed_Study_of_Patients_with_Long_Haul_COVID__An_Analysis_of_Private_Health.pdf?p=pdf
Graphic source: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1533546/A_Detailed_Study_of_Patients_with_Long_Haul_COVID__An_Analysis_of_Private_Health.pdf?p=pdf
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2776560
Graphic source: https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3026
Graphic source: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/brain-fog-heart-damage-covid-19-s-lingering-problems-alarm-scientists
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6930e1.htm
Self-reported symptoms at the time of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing results and unresolved symptoms 14-21 days later among outpatients (N = 274) - 14 academic health care systems, United States, March-June 2020
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6930e1.htm
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2768351
The World Health Organization (WHO) released a clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition in adults using a similar process back in October 2021.
“Post COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection, usually three months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms and that last for at least two months, and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction but also others, and generally have an impact on everyday functioning. Symptoms may be new onset following initial recovery from an acute COVID-19 episode or persist from the initial illness. Symptoms may also fluctuate or relapse over time.”
Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations 1/2023 Data-driven identification of post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection subphenotypes 12/2022 Nature.com Study Identifies Four Major Subtypes of Long COVID 12/2022 Cornell.edu
Long covid—an update for primary care 9/2022 BMJ Estimates of long Covid are startlingly high. Here’s how to understand them 7/2022 Higher BMI a Risk Factor for Long COVID Symptoms
— Female sex was another independent risk factor, U.K. study showed 11/2022 Long COVID 9/2022 NIH.gov Long COVID Comes in Three Forms: Study 8/2022 Preprint
Long Covid Statistics National Center for Health Statistics Patients Diagnosed with Post An Analysis of Private Healthcare Claims Conditions Conditions ICDCOVID Using the 10 Diagnostic Code Official A FAIR Health White Paper, 22 FAIR Health, Inc. 5/2022 55% of Hospitalized COVID Patients Still Had Symptoms at 2 Years - "Ongoing follow-up of COVID-19 survivors is essential," researcher says 5/2022 76% of Long COVID Patients Were Not Hospitalized for Their Infection
— Women, those ages 36 to 50 most likely to be diagnosed with post-COVID conditions 5/2022 A multisystem, cardio-renal investigation of post-COVID-19 illness 5/2022 Brain Symptoms Persist in Long COVID — Novel PASC phenotype identified in a small subset 6/2022 Guidance on “Long COVID” as a Disability Under the ADA, Section 504, and Section 1557 7/2021 ACC Issues Playbook for Long COVID With Cardiac Involvement - Preliminary guidance also covers management of myocarditis and sports participation 3/2022 Add Skin Conditions to COVID-19 Long-Hauler Effects - Persistence beyond 60 days in some cases, especially with pernio/chilblains 10/2020 A Detailed Study of Patients with Long-Haul COVID.
An Analysis of Private Healthcare Claims A Detailed Study of Patients with Long-Haul COVID A FAIR Health White Paper, June 15, 2021 Almost a third of people with 'mild' Covid-19 still battle symptoms months later, study finds 2/2021 As Their Numbers Grow, COVID-19 "Long Haulers" Stump Experts 9/2020 Blood clotting may be the root cause of Long COVID syndrome, research shows 8/2021 Cardiac Conditions of COVID Long-Haulers - Do COVID survivors with cardiac conditions need special treatment and monitoring? 4/2022 Changes to Eyes May Signal Long COVID: Study 7/2021 Citizen Scientists Take on the Challenge of Long-Haul COVID-19 9/2020 Clinicians Struggle to Make Sense of 'Long COVID'- No correlation with clinical severity of illness, and some symptoms may be entirely new 1/2021 Consensus Guidance Statement on Cardiovascular Complications in PASC 6/2022 Coronavirus destroys lungs. But doctors are finding its damage in kidneys, hearts and elsewhere. 4/2020 Coronavirus: 'Long Covid could be four different syndromes' 10/2020 Covid-19: Long-Hauler Syndrome Has a Name Post-Acute Sequelae of Covid-19 3/2021 COVID-19 Sequelae Can Linger for Weeks - Even patients with mild cases describe persistent fatigue, trouble breathing, cardiac issues 5/2020 Does COVID Reinfection Increase Risk for Long COVID? 1/2023 Don't Drop the Ball on Long COVID - We can prepare today for an influx of patients knocking at our doors 6/2021 Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Post-COVID Conditions: Interim Guidance 6/2021 CDC.gov Even mild COVID-19 cases can result in lingering heart issues 1/2022 Evolution of neurologic symptoms in non-hospitalized COVID-19 "long haulers" 5/2022 Exercise May Treat Long COVID-induced Diabetes, Depression 3/2022 Experts Urge Caution in Rushing to Define Long COVID - Specific definitions may overemphasize certain symptoms, harming those who don't fit the bill 7/2022 Fatigue, Brain Fog Most Common in 'Long COVID' 1/2021 For long covid fatigue, a strategy called ‘pacing’ helps, but at a cost 1/2023 WashingtonPost For Long-Haulers, Covid-19 Takes a Toll on Mind as Well as Body - "It makes you depressed, anxious that it's never going to go away." 9/2020 From 'brain fog' to heart damage, COVID-19's lingering problems alarm scientists 7/2020 Here's What Recovery From Covid-19 Looks Like for Many Survivors 7/2020 Homerton University Hospital. ACERS: Post COVID-19 patient information pack 8/2020 How common is long COVID? Why studies give different answers
Enormous databases do not necessarily allow scientists to solve long COVID mysteries, such as how well vaccination protects against the condition. 6/2022 How to conserve your energy. Practical advice for people during and after having COVID-19 8/2020 How long does the coronavirus last inside the body? Researchers are narrowing down how long the virus persists inside the body and whether people can be quickly re-infected. 6/2020 Is long COVID real? The numbers say yes. Around one in 20 people will experience long COVID, but experts are still learning what it is. 8/2022 Italy's Bergamo is calling back coronavirus survivors. About half say they haven't fully recovered. 9/2020 Life after COVID hospitalization: Study shows major lasting effects on health, work and more. Death, rehospitalization, and problems with basic activities, jobs, mental health and finances seen in many patients treated at 38 Michigan hospitals 11/2020 Living with Covid19
Published on 15 October 2020 doi: 10.3310/themedreview_41169
A dynamic review of the evidence around ongoing Covid19 symptoms (often called Long Covid). Long after the fire of a Covid-19 infection, mental and neurological effects can still smolder 8/2020 Long COVID (Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection, PASC) Yale Medicine.org Long Covid: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 120,970 Patients 5/2022 Long COVID in Older Adults: An Elusive Geriatric Syndrome
— We need to redefine the condition for better diagnosis and management 5/2022
Long COVID is still disabling millions of Americans 10/2022 Long COVID Less Likely in the Vaccinated - Even getting vaccinated after infection appears to help, review concludes 2/2022 'Long COVID' Linked to Lasting Airways Disease 3/2022
Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions 5/2022 CDC.gov Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: nationwide cohort study 1/2023 BMJ Long COVID Risk Factors May Include Loneliness, Depression, Stress - Psychological distress linked to higher risk of post-COVID symptoms than physical conditions 9/2022 Long COVID symptoms linked to inflammation 6/2022 Long COVID Symptoms May Depend on Dominant Variant 3/2022 Long Covid: What science has learned about the loss of smell and taste 9/2022 Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 11/2020 CDC.gov Long-term Health Consequences of COVID-19 10/2020 JAMA Long-Term Lung, Health Issues Common in COVID-19 9/2020 Long-Term Sequelae of COVID-19 NYC.gov 12/2020 Lung abnormalities found in long COVID patients with breathlessness 1/2022 Lung scarring, heart damage, and anxiety: Some Covid-19 survivors face long-term complications. 5/2020. It is a true roller coaster of symptoms and severities, with each new day offering many unknowns. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care 8/2020 Many Hospitalized COVID Patients Develop New Ailments Later - Higher rates of readmission, and multi-organ dysfunction versus controls 3/2021 Mild Covid-19 May Lead to Lasting Neurologic Symptoms 3/2021 More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis 8/2021 More than half of survivors experience 'long COVID' 10/2021
Most Hospitalized COVID Patients Not Fully Recovered 6 Months Post-Discharge - Fatigue, weakness are most common, Chinese study finds 1/2021 Multi-organ assessment in mainly non-hospitalized individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection: The Hamburg City Health Study COVID programme 1/2022 Nerve Damage May Contribute to Long COVID Symptoms - Small-fiber neuropathy may stem from defective immune response to SARS-CoV-2 3/2022 New study looks at post-COVID-19 emerging disease in children 6/2020 NICE, RCGP and SIGN publish guideline on managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 12/2020 Nine in ten recovered COVID-19 patients experience side-effects - study 9/2020 Outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the Long-COVID in Scotland study 10/2022 Nature.com Pericarditis and myocarditis long after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross-sectional descriptive study in health-care workers 7/2020 Preprint Persistence of somatic symptoms after COVID-19 in the Netherlands: an observational cohort study 8/2022 Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19 7/2020 Physician Group Releases Guidance on Cardiovascular Issues in Long COVID — AAPM&R calls for greater awareness of post-COVID cardiovascular complications among clinicians 6/2022 Post-COVID Conditions Among Adult COVID-19 Survivors Aged 18-64 and ≥65 Years - United States, March 2020-November 2021 5/2022 MMWR Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers CDC.gov Post-intensive Care Syndrome "Post intensive-care syndrome": Why some COVID-19 patients may face problems even after recovery. People who remain in the ICU for weeks may end up with memory problems and trouble thinking clearly. 3/2020
Profiling post-COVID syndrome across different variants of SARS-CoV-2 7/2022 Preprint Science and Tech Spotlight: Long COVID 3/2022 GAO Sequelae in Adults at 6 Months After COVID-19 Infection 2/2021 Sex differences in sequelae from COVID-19 infection and in long COVID syndrome: a review 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study 1/2021 Some cases of long COVID-19 may be caused by an abnormally suppressed immune system, UCLA-led research suggests. Scientists had previously suspected that an overactive immune system was at the root of the syndro me 4/2022 Some Coronavirus Patients Are Reporting Symptoms That Last Months. Nobody Knows Exactly How to Treat Them 8/2020
Some COVID-19 patients still have coronavirus after symptoms disappear 3/2020
Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network; United States, March-June 2020 7/2020 The Immune Signature of Long COVID - Preliminary study indicates syndrome can be described by and is reflected in biological processes 8/2022 The many strange long-term symptoms of Covid-19, explained. Long Covid is a phenomenon that is really quite real and quite extensive, Anthony Fauci said earlier this month. 12/2020 Trying to Make Sense of Long COVID Syndrome 1/2021 What doctors know about lingering symptoms of coronavirus 6/2020 What Does COVID-19 Recovery Actually Look Like?
An Analysis of the Prolonged COVID-19 Symptoms Survey by Patient-Led Research Team 2020
Stroke
Thyroid Issues
Back to Table of Contents
Potential & Current Treatments
Graphic source:
https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/ppt/2023/012423_slides.pdf
Graphic source: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/hospitalized-adults--therapeutic-management/hospitalized-adults-figure/
Graphic source: Georgios D. Kitsios, CC BY-ND
Treatments for COVID-19 and their timing. https://heavy.com/news/covid19-coronavirus-treatments/
Graphic source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp2009575
Convalescent Plasma
Dexamethasone
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychloroquine (Not approved, included FYI)
Il-7
Interferon
Graphic source: https://www.ccjm.org/content/early/2020/12/01/ccjm.87a.ccc066
Ivermectin (Not approved, included as FYI)
Llama Antibodies
Monoclonal Antibodies
Paxlovid (Emergency FDA-approval)
Graphic source: https://i0.wp.com/theskepticalcardiologist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/drug-interactions-1.jpg
Remdesivir
Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2769871
Synthetic/Monoclonal Antibodies
Other
Back to Table of Contents
Health Services Issues
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6925e2.htm
Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6923e1.htm
Graphic source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2015630
2021: Hospital care for COVID could cost you thousands 10/2021 Afraid to Be a Nurse: Health Workers Under Attack 4/2020 Stigmatized as vectors of contagion in some countries, health care workers have been assaulted, abused and ostracized. Assessment of Out-of-Pocket Spending for COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the US in 2020 10/2021 Coronavirus exposes major flaws in health care system, experts say. Doctors and health care experts said the coronavirus pandemic shows the need to shift how we think about health care. 4/2020 COVID-19 in the United States: Insights from Healthcare Systems CDC.gov Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy. Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response 3/2020 JAMA Decline in Child Vaccination Coverage During the COVID-19 Pandemic Michigan Care Improvement Registry, May 2016-May 2020 5/2020 Emergency Responders: Tips for taking care of yourself CDC.gov Ethics of reallocating ventilators in the covid-19 pandemic Exposed, Silenced and Attacked, Failures to Protect health and Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic 7/2020 Families of Health Workers Killed by COVID Fight for Denied Workers' Comp Benefits Fear of Covid Leads Other Patients to Decline Critical Treatment Psychologists say anxiety and uncertainty prompt irrational decisions — like turning down a transplant when an organ becomes available. 5/2020 Hospital Experiences Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a National Pulse Survey March 23-27, 2020 HHS.gov Ignoring cancer care now may trade one public health crisis Covid-19 for another, NCI chief warns 6/2020 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits; United States, January 1, 2019-May 30, 2020 MMWR 6/2020 Joint Statement: Roadmap for Resuming Elective Surgery after COVID-19 Pandemic Near 90% Mortality Rate in Intubated COVID-19 Patients in NYC - Comorbidities appeared to play a major role 4/2020 $1M COVID Bill; Did Florida Ignore Troubling Data? New York's Pandemic Missteps. This past week in healthcare investigations 6/2020 Potential Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Use of Emergency Departments for Acute Life-Threatening Conditions; United States, January-May 2020 6/2020 Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak 4/2020 "This Is Our Chernobyl": New York City's Doctors and Nurses Are Terrified 3/2020 What happens when the ICU is full? 7/2020 Why some nurses have quit during the coronavirus pandemic
"Right now, nurses don't feel like heroes. We feel expendable." 5/2020
Back to Table of Contents
Back to Table of Contents
Search Betty C. Jung's Web site
Search the Entire Internet
Back to Table of Contents
PUBLISHED ON THE WEB: May 7, 2021
Links
Back to Top
© Copyright 2020-2023 Betty C. Jung
>BR> Graphic source: https://makemytestcount.org/
